S OUTHERN C OLONIES Ch3Section1 Mrs. Cady- US History

1. I N 1607, THE FIRST 105 COLONISTS, SENT BY THE L ONDON C OMPANY, ARRIVED IN A MERICA. 2. 2/3 OF SETTLERS DIED WITHIN THE FIRST YEAR. Why?

J AMESTOWN MARSHES

I N 1608, J OHN S MITH TOOK CONTROL OF THE J AMESTOWN COLONY. H E MADE IMPROVEMENTS : 1.Forced the settlers to work harder by using food as incentive (work to eat) 2.They received help from the Powhatan.

M ORE SETTLERS ARRIVED IN 1609, BUT BY 1610, ONLY 60 SETTLERS WERE STILL ALIVE, AND THE COLONY COULD NOT MAKE A PROFIT. J OHN R OLFE WAS A COLONIST WHO INTRODUCED TOBACCO TO J AMESTOWN AND ALLOWED THE COLONY TO BE MORE SUCCESSFUL.

H E MARRIED P OCAHONTAS. H OW DID THIS MARRIAGE HELP THE COLONISTS ?

I N 1622, COLONISTS KILLED A P OWHATAN LEADER. F IGHTING BETWEEN POWHATAN AND COLONISTS CONTINUED FOR THE NEXT 20 YEARS.

V IRGINIA BECAME A ROYAL COLONY IN 1624 BECAUSE THE LONDON C OMPANY ( WHO ISSUED THE CHARTER ) COULD NOT PROTECT THE COLONISTS FROM N ATIVE AMERICAN ATTACKS.

L IFE IN V IRGINIA 1.People in Virginia lived on scattered farms rather than in towns. 2.Headright System- if you pay for your journey to the new world, you get 50 acres of land + 50 acres for every person you finance An indentured servant signed a contract to work for 4-7 years if the employer paid the servant’s journey to America.

You get 50 acres of land if you come to the new world IF: Rules: 1. Plant a crop 2. Mark the boundaries of your land 3. Build a shelter You get 50 acres of land for each person you bring over if you paid their way, so people brought many indentured servants and slaves

W HY WOULD SOMEONE AGREE TO BE AN INDENTURED SERVANT ? They couldn’t afford to get to America on their own

S LAVERY IN V IRGINIA a.The demand for workers became greater than they supply of people willing to work as indentured servants because many Africans came to America as indentured servants and then became free when their contracts ended. b. By the mid-1600s, there were many slaves in Virginia.

My 5 years as an indentured servant is up, now I get to own my own land and be a farmer! Wait! Who will help me run my farm!? I guess I need a replacement. HEY, slaves are cheap right now, let’s just do that! Indentured Servitude didn’t work well

B ACON ’ S R EBELLION a.Colonists were upset with the governor about taxes and his friendly policies toward native americans. b.Natives attacked—the governor did not retalitate. c.Nathaniel Bacon wanted to attack the Natives and take their land. d. Governor tried to stop Bacon, so Bacon and his followers attacked and burned Jamestown. e. When Bacon died, the rebellion ended.

M ARYLAND In the 1620s, Lord Baltimore got a charter from the king to start a colony north of Virginia in Maryland. He named it after Queen Henrietta Maria. He intended it to be a refuge for English Catholics and a proprietary colony, or a colony in which colonies’ owners controlled the government.

M ARYLAND Most of the people who lived in Maryland were wealthy landowners, servants, craftspeople and farmers, who spend their time raising corn, cattle and hogs to have enough to eat.

M ARYLAND Many Protestants began moving to Maryland in the 1640s and increased tensions between Catholics and Protestants. The colony passed the Toleration Act of 1649, which made it a crime to restrict the religious rights of Christians.

C AROLINAS Established in At first, they were one colony, but separated into north and south because of size in Most of the colonists were farmers who moved from Virginia or the Caribbean.

C AROLINAS By 1730, 20,000 enslaved Africans were living in the colony, compared to 10,000 white settlers. South Carolina was poorly managed, the government was overthrown and, in 1729, it became a royal colony.

G EORGIA James Oglethorpe was granted a charter to establish Georgia in The purpose was to have a place for debtors to pay off debts and to be a buffer colony from Spanish Florida.

G EORGIA Oglethorpe wanted: Many small farms, so he outlawed slavery and limited land grants. Settlers were unhappy with Oglethorpe’s strict rules and, in 1752, Georgia became a royal colony.

E CONOMY IN THE S OUTHERN C OLONIES They depended on agriculture and slavery. Some colonies also exported shipbuilding materials or traded with natives. Farms were successful because of warm climate. Most successful crops were tobacco, corn, rice, indigo.

E CONOMY IN THE S OUTHERN C OLONIES Slave labor was used because the cash crops were labor intensive and plantation owners needed many workers Slaves lived and worked in brutal conditions. Southern colonies passed slave codes, which were laws to control slaves. Some examples: Slaves couldn’t hold meetings They couldn’t learn to read or write They couldn’t get married They couldn’t own weapons They were tortured or killed for trying to runaway They were whipped or branded for working too slow, talking back,etc.