1 Runways UK – FIRST CLASS PARTNERSHIPS LIMITED – All rights reserved The Train to the Plane Lessons from international best practice Michael Schabas, Partner, FCP Runways UK Surface Access Conference 2 June 2014

2 Runways UK – FIRST CLASS PARTNERSHIPS LIMITED – All rights reserved Surface Access to Airports  Many types of airport rail links (tram/metro/shuttle/regional/intercity)  Wide range of functions and effect  Need to be understand in context of competition and regulatory framework  Many myths and misunderstandings

3 Runways UK – FIRST CLASS PARTNERSHIPS LIMITED – All rights reserved My experience Frequent traveller: 150,000 air miles/year Over 50 years, have used  174 airports  47 airport-rail links  hubbed at 30 airports Consulted on airport access for DfT, BAA, Canary Wharf, VIA Rail Canada, Bombardier, HS1

4 Runways UK – FIRST CLASS PARTNERSHIPS LIMITED – All rights reserved Key Features of airport rail links 1.Connectivity 2.Speed / frequency /reliability 3.Price 4.Capacity/Traffic/Profits... 5.Other features Pretty much in this order of importance...

5 Runways UK – FIRST CLASS PARTNERSHIPS LIMITED – All rights reserved Piccadilly Line to Heathrow  Connectivity: Good across London  Speed: Not competitive with taxi or minicab  Frequency: Not great; up to 15 minute off-peak, because three branches  Price: Cheap!!  Comfort: not great  About 10% mode share - used mostly by price conscious travellers and airport workers Very profitable operation (has even covered infrastructure capex)

6 Runways UK – FIRST CLASS PARTNERSHIPS LIMITED – All rights reserved The loop was a mistake!

7 Runways UK – FIRST CLASS PARTNERSHIPS LIMITED – All rights reserved Heathrow Express Connectivity: Only to Paddington; Change trains to T4 Speed: Every 15 minutes; Faster than any other mode, but not always after adding connecting time Price: £21 (one-third the taxi fare... ) Capacity: 10m per year, 12% of pax De facto pre-condition for T5... Quality: High 10% mode share; Profitable Marketing: Very good! Return fares, carnets, First Class...

8 Runways UK – FIRST CLASS PARTNERSHIPS LIMITED – All rights reserved DLR City Airport  Connectivity: Direct service to Canary Wharf and the City; single change to West End, and most other tube lines  Speed: Competitive with taxi or minicab to Central London, especially in peak hours.  Pleasant?? FUN??  Frequency: Every 6 – 8 minutes  Comfort: adequate for business travellers without luggage  50% airport mode share, among highest in the world Popular with price conscious travellers and workers, but also many business passengers Key part of the airport “offer”??? Airport valued at about £1billion....

9 Runways UK – FIRST CLASS PARTNERSHIPS LIMITED – All rights reserved Frankfurt S-Bahn  Connectivity: Direct service across Rhine-Main region; single, SAME PLATFORM change to most other S-Bahn lines; direct to Frankfurt Main Station  Speed: Competitive with taxi or minicab to city centre  Frequency: Every 10 minutes  Capacity: Plenty  Price: Cheap!!  Comfort: adequate  Mode share: not known S Bahn seems to serve mostly price- conscious or transit-savy local passengers

10 Runways UK – FIRST CLASS PARTNERSHIPS LIMITED – All rights reserved

11 Runways UK – FIRST CLASS PARTNERSHIPS LIMITED – All rights reserved Frankfurt InterCity  Connectivity: Direct hourly high speed service to Rhine-Ruhr (Cologne) and Rhine-Neckar (Mannheim)  SAME PLATFORM change at Mannheim, Cologne, Stuttgart, etc. to many other destinations  Speed: Competitive with car or connecting flights  Frequency: Every 60 minutes on most routes  Capacity: Plenty  Price: Competitive with car; cheaper than taxi  Comfort: very good  Mode share: not known Rail access key part of airport offer Makes it Western Germany’s main airport Without rail, airport might need another Autobahn???

12 Runways UK – FIRST CLASS PARTNERSHIPS LIMITED – All rights reserved Frankfurt Intercity

13 Runways UK – FIRST CLASS PARTNERSHIPS LIMITED – All rights reserved

14 Runways UK – FIRST CLASS PARTNERSHIPS LIMITED – All rights reserved Cologne - Bonn  Loop too long to divert all ICE trains – adds 10 minutes to trip time for through passengers so only 6 per day  Half of S-Bahn trains diverted, so 30 minute interval  Would a shuttle link to a “hub” station have worked better?

15 Runways UK – FIRST CLASS PARTNERSHIPS LIMITED – All rights reserved Shuttle links  Dusseldorf, Newark  Frequency, reliability are more important than speed

16 Runways UK – FIRST CLASS PARTNERSHIPS LIMITED – All rights reserved Shuttle links  Dusseldorf, Newark  Frequency, reliability are more important than speed

17 Runways UK – FIRST CLASS PARTNERSHIPS LIMITED – All rights reserved Shanghai Hongqiao 2006

18 Runways UK – FIRST CLASS PARTNERSHIPS LIMITED – All rights reserved 2010

19 Runways UK – FIRST CLASS PARTNERSHIPS LIMITED – All rights reserved 2012

20 Runways UK – FIRST CLASS PARTNERSHIPS LIMITED – All rights reserved Shanghai Hongqiao  2 runway airport  15 platform HSR station  But they get two big things wrong...

21 Runways UK – FIRST CLASS PARTNERSHIPS LIMITED – All rights reserved Shanghai Hongqiao

22 Runways UK – FIRST CLASS PARTNERSHIPS LIMITED – All rights reserved

23 Runways UK – FIRST CLASS PARTNERSHIPS LIMITED – All rights reserved Shanghai Pudong

24 Runways UK – FIRST CLASS PARTNERSHIPS LIMITED – All rights reserved

25 Runways UK – FIRST CLASS PARTNERSHIPS LIMITED – All rights reserved Shanghai Pudong

26 Runways UK – FIRST CLASS PARTNERSHIPS LIMITED – All rights reserved “You can’t have two hubs... it’s either Heathrow or it is another.” Colin Matthews, Heathrow Chief Executive We disagree – for a big city, 2 or even 3 hubs may be better for passengers (although perhaps not for the incumbent airlines or the airport owner!)  4 “World Cities” already have more than one “hub” airport.  In New York, United, after merging with Continental, left JFK creating its own hub at Newark with 35 mppa  Moscow, Shanghai and Tokyo are all developing multi-hub airport systems  All have direct rail links to the city with links across the region

27 Runways UK – FIRST CLASS PARTNERSHIPS LIMITED – All rights reserved The roads are pretty full already...

28 Runways UK – FIRST CLASS PARTNERSHIPS LIMITED – All rights reserved The numbers are very large...

29 Runways UK – FIRST CLASS PARTNERSHIPS LIMITED – All rights reserved Lessons?  Connectivity? Essential. Without it, few will use rail. Each change has perceived cost of £20.  Speed / frequency /reliability? Needs to be competitive - Every minutes for regional passengers; hourly for longer distance connections  Quality? Different services for different markets, but need to be pragmatic (commuters can mix with airport travellers)  Price? Up to 3x taxi fare for express services. Rail can be self- funding  Each rail service can substitute for a Motorway lane (or two)  Be wary of loops