Chemistry of Carbohydrates, Fats, and Proteins What does it mean to be an organic molecule? Contains at least carbon and hydrogen.
What is a Chemical Formula? List the elements and how many (Ex. H2O). C4H10 What is the chemical formula of butane?
What is a Structural Formula? Provides position and orientation. Glucose and fructose are isomers. Any guesses what an “isomer” is? Isomers – same chemical formula, different structural formula
Carbohydrates C, H, O Which elements? Any particular ratio? 2 H : 1 O
Carbohydrates “Monosaccharides” or “simple sugars” What are the building blocks?
Carbohydrates ENERGY; STRUCTURE What are the functions in a living organism? EXAMPLES Glucose, sucrose, starch (plant storage), glycogen (animal storage), cellulose (plant cell walls), chitin (insects)
Lipids C, H, O Lots H : very few O Which elements? Any particular ratio? Lots H : very few O
Lipids 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids What are the building blocks? C | C | C Fatty acid Fatty acid Fatty acid Monounsaturated fat glycerol
Lipids ENERGY RESERVES; CELL MEMBRANES; INSULATION Fats, oils, waxes What are the functions in a living organism? EXAMPLES Fats, oils, waxes
Proteins C, H, O, N, S Which elements? Any particular ratio? No
Proteins What are the building blocks? Amino Acids
Proteins Many different functions What are the functions in a living organism? EXAMPLES Feathers, spider webs, wool, silk, fingernails, hair, enzymes, antibodies, muscle.
How are organic molecules added together? Glucose – C H O 6 12 6 + Fructose – C H O 6 12 6 Sucrose – C H O 12 22 11 ? What’s missing?
What is a condensation reaction? Combining organic molecules requires the loss of water.
What is hydrolysis? Separating organic molecules requires adding water back.
When two sugars are added together, what is produced? A disaccharide
When three or more sugars are added together, what is produced? Polysaccharide
Carbohydrates - Saccharides Uses: Glucose = quick energy Glycogen = animal starch; stored energy Plant starch = stored energy for plants