Metabolic Syndrome Jacque De Fouw RN, MSN Health Educator

COMPLICATIONS OF OBESITY METABOLIC SYNDROME CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE DIABETES

What is Coronary Artery Disease?  Every 1 in 4 deaths  About 600,000 deaths/year  Accumulation of atherosclerotic plaque in coronary arteries = obstruction of blood flow to heart muscle

What happens?  Heart muscle has pain without oxygen  Destruction of muscle tissue  Death of cardiac muscle

Symptoms  Often no warning while slowly advancing obstruction  Chest Pain  Short of Breath  Swelling of legs  Often less obvious symptoms in women

Risk Factors Cannot be changed Can be changed Pathophysiologic Factors Life-style factors AgeHigh blood pressureTobacco use GenderDiabetesObesity Race/Ethnic background High CholesterolSedentary/ inactivity HeredityWomen: early menopause Personality type/ coping ability Women: birth control pills

How many risk factors do you have? 1. None more than 5

Only YOU can take care of yourself! MAKE good choices! TEACH good choices!

What is Diabetes?  A chronic disease in which the body can not properly use or make insulin.  Insulin- a hormone made in the pancreas that turns sugar (glucose) into energy for the body to use

What happens without insulin? Lack of insulin  Build up of glucose in the blood (hyperglycemia)  Symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus

Symptoms   Frequent urination   Excessive thirst   Extreme hunger - Cells are starved for energy   Unexplained weight loss - Insulin can not trigger the storage of fat   Fatigue   Delayed wound healing

Type I Diabetes Mellitus  RISK factors: - Genetics - Autoimmune history  Type I is preventable  Type I is NOT preventable

Type II Diabetes Mellitus  Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)  Body makes insulin but most cells do not use insulin properly   Insulin resistance  Eventually, the pancreas stops making insulin.

CONTINUED: Type II Diabetes Mellitus  % of diabetics  RISK factors - Older age - Family history - Obesity - Physical Inactivity - Race and Ethnicity

Type II DM Risk Factors  Obesity & Inactivity - Studies find a relationship between weight/activity level and Type II - For past 10 years - increase in Type II diabetes in children diabetes in children

Type II Diabetes Mellitus  Race & Ethnicity factors: - African Americans - Hispanic/Latino Americans - American Indians - Asian Americans - Pacific Islanders

Type II Prevention   If have risk factors, prevent or delay the onset of Type II… - Healthy diet - Moderately intense exercise (walking briskly 2 1/2 hours each week) (walking briskly 2 1/2 hours each week) 15 MINUTES 10 TIMES A WEEK OR 30 MINUTES 5 TIMES A WEEK!

Type II DM Treatment  Goal: Control blood sugar (glucose) - Glucose monitoring often - Oral medicine / Insulin injections - Diet - Exercise / Weight management - Follow up with doctor - Educate yourself!

Other complications of Metabolic Syndrome  Joint pain and disorders  Fatigue  Snoring + Sleep apnea  Respiratory disorders  Depression  Cancers  Complications of pregnancy  Incontinence

How do you weigh yourself?

FITNESS is the !!!  How do you want to feel?  How do your clothes fit?  Do you have energy for daily living?

Keep track of your progress! Record your little and BIG successes!