 “Era of Good Feelings”  Collapse of Federalist Party  Monroe was the first clear representative of the one-party system under the Republicans:  1. Cooperation stemming from one-party politics  2. America’s high morale after the War of 1812.

 Several revolutions against Spanish rule flared up in South and Central America and ousted the colonial governments  Simon Bolivar established independent regimes  The U.S., having itself broken away from colonial rule, officially recognized these new countries, and established lucrative trading relations with many of them.

 Fear that European governments would intervene and try to reassert colonial dominance:  Secretary of State John Quincy Adams wrote the Monroe Doctrine  Doctrine declared American dominance in the Western Hemisphere and warned against European interference in the Americas.

 1. Unless American interests were involved, the United States would stay out of European wars.  2. The “American continents”, including both North and South America, were not subject to any further colonization by European powers  3. The United States would construe any attempt at European colonization in the New World as an “unfriendly act.”

 U.S. had little military power to back up its claims  Immense symbolic importance, announcing the United States as a world power equal to the great European nations.  The Monroe Doctrine asserted U.S. preeminence in the affairs of the Americas, a position that has informed American foreign relations ever since.

John Quincy Adams Sec of State under Madison Wrote Monroe Doctrine

Simon Bolivar “George Washington of South America”

 Appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in 1801  Remained in office until he died in 1835  A staunch Federalist, he continued to exert a strong Federalist influence on government  Marbury v. Madison:  Ruling established the principle of judicial review:  Supreme Court’s power to rule an act of Congress unconstitutional

John Marshall

 Economic plan  Phrase coined by Henry Clay  Continuation of ideas set forth by A. Hamilton  Contained 3 main ideas:  1. Protective tariff  2. 2 nd National Bank  3. Govt subsidized roads and canals

 Erie Canal started construction in 1817 and was completed 8 years later  First commercial link between New York East and the West.  Provided an efficient, quicker, cheaper method of transporting goods

Dewitt Clinton Gov. of New York “Father of the Erie Canal”

 AKA Cumberland Road  First major improved highway in the U.S.to be built by the federal government  Construction began heading west in 1811 at Cumberland, Maryland  Ends in 1835 at Vandalia, Indiana  Provided a connection between the Potomac and Ohio Rivers  Gateway to the west for thousands of settlers.

 1820–21  Measures passed by the U.S. Congress to end the first of a series of crises concerning the extension of slavery.  1820, Maine was made a state and Missouri was authorized to adopt a constitution having no restrictions on slavery.  Missouri admitted to the Union, Aug., 1821  Henry Clay, as speaker of the House, is generally regarded as its author