TCAS Resolution Advisory Monitoring System (TRAMS) Carl B. Jezierski Airborne Team AJP-651 Research & Technology Development 15 October 2008 Aerospace Control and Guidance Systems Committee Meeting #102

Topics A Brief History of TCAS TCAS Theory of Operation TCAS and the ATC Mode S Radar Environment Purpose and Requirements for TCAS Monitoring TRAMS Architecture TRAMS Data Collection and Processing TRAMS Data Flow TRAMS Deployment The Engineering Development Services Group provides technical expertise to identify and evaluate candidate technical solutions to support the evolution of the NAS Enterprise Architecture (EA). Personnel with expertise in surveillance, navigation, and airborne/avionics systems perform system engineering and development activities for a wide range of ATO customers. Technical validation activities are conducted to assess the efficacy of technology alternatives, develop system requirements, develop and validate domestic and international standards, and assist in providing recommendations to support key decision points outlined in the EA infrastructure roadmaps. In support of these activities the group designs and develops prototypes and configures ground and airborne test beds to evaluate enabling NextGen technologies and applicable operational procedures. The Engineering Development Services Group works in close partnership with the FAA project management offices and operating services, the military, industry, academia, foreign aviation authorities, and standards setting organizations such as RTCA and the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). The group's efforts are primarily focused on supporting research, development, evaluation, and testing of GPS augmentation systems (LAAS) and other navigational aides (LORAN, TLS), including approach procedures design and validation initiatives; TCAS safety enhancements and resolution advisory (RA) monitoring conformance; Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) and associated Cockpit Display of Traffic Information (CDTI) applications including Flight Deck Merging and Spacing ; development, operation, and maintenance of the ADS-B Broadcast Services Ground Stations; and subject matter expertise to national and international standards bodies for the development of system performance specifications and standards.

A Brief History of TCAS TCAS V6.04(a) TCAS V7.0 RTCA DO-185A Recent Logic Changes (1) V7.1 RTCA DO-185B RA Reversal Logic “SA01” AVSA Recent Logic Changes (2) Hybrid Surveillance TRAMS – TCAS Resolution Advisory Monitoring System RTCA SC-218 (Future ADS-B/TCAS Relationships) Systems engineering analysis plan – September 08 Perform systems engineering analysis – July 09 TCAS on UAS

TCAS Theory of Operation Airborne Platform Transponder-based TCAS I Traffic Alerts (TA) Only TCAS II TA and Resolution Advisory (RA) Generation Coordination of vertical maneuvers with other aircraft 18 second RA broadcast transmitted

Purpose and Requirements for TCAS Monitoring The TCAS RA Monitoring System (TRAMS) is a new distributed ground-based system that will capture airborne RA communications and related surveillance data in real-time and transmit this information daily to a central facility for analysis and archive. The overall goal of TRAMS is to enable analysis of TCAS performance and facilitate changes in the airspace. Specifically, the mission objectives are to: Comply with the Safety Management System requirement to monitor new systems introduced into the NAS environment to protect against NAS performance degradation. Provide a database of actual Resolution Advisories (RA) and associated surveillance data for post analysis of TCAS operational performance. Provide a database of selected surveillance data for future research.

TCAS and the ATC Mode S Radar Environment Types Terminal radar (60 nm, 360° every 4.75 seconds) Enroute radar (200 nm, 360° every 12 seconds) Default Programming Ground site interrogates the aircraft’s transponder to determine equipage Site Specific Programming If RA broadcast detected, interrogate the transponder for the RA specifics

Resolution Advisory (RA) TRAMS Architecture FAA Technical Center TRAMS Central Site TRAMS Remote Site Collision Event Resolution Advisory (RA) and Surveillance Data

TRAMS Architecture 20 TRAMS Remote Sites Sensor Airport # Ops/Install BUR Bob Hope 5 HPN Westchester County 12 NUQ San Jose Intl 8 STB St. Louis Intl 9 PDX Portland 13 FLL Ft. Lauderdale 14 OAK Oakland Intl 7 STC Seattle-Tacoma 19 LGB Long Beach 6 EWR Newark Liberty Intl 11 Sensor Airport # Ops/Install JFK John F Kennedy Intl 2 DTWA Detroit Metro 17 LAXN Los Angeles 3 DFW Dallas-Ft. Worth 4 PHX Sky Harbor Intl 18 DEN Denver Intl 15 LAS McCarren Intl 20 PHL Philadelphia Intl 1 QXM O’Hare 16 ATL Hartsfield Intl 10 20 TRAMS Remote Sites Denver is the only TRAMS Remote Site based at an enroute radar

(Public Switched Telephone Network) TRAMS Architecture (Remote Site Configuration) NTP Time Server * GPS Antenna Data Processor Secure Modem PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) Channel A Channel B Surveillance Comm-B Ethernet - CAT 5e RS-232 SCAP Boundary TRAMS Central Site Other Devices TDIC-B Switch Network Hub (Linux) Recorder Mode S Data Processors Ground Station Surveillance Network Remote Site Network UDP

TRAMS Data Collection and Processing Remote Site Data Collection Equippage (transponder & TCAS types) For tracks declaring a RA and tracks not declaring an RA but would otherwise be reasonably expected to: The RA message Surveillance data 3rd party surveillance data Surveillance data for tracks exhibiting altimetry anomalies Remote Site Processing (Daily Summaries) Flight operations by equipage Environmental density by equipage & altitude bands Estimates of TA and RA rates for collision risk assessments

TRAMS Architecture (Remote Site Configuration)

(2 lines with provision for an additional line) TRAMS Architecture (Central Site Configuration) GPS Antenna PSTN (2 lines with provision for an additional line) Ethernet – CAT 5e RS-232 TRAMS Central Processor Secure Modems 1 2 3 SCAP Boundary Line #1 Line #2 Expansion Line #3 NTP Time Server USB Converter To DVD / CD-ROM Burn Capability Initial data analysis of TRAMS collected data Quick look – visualization of selected tracks Autoanalysis – isolation of “interesting” RA tracks

TRAMS Data Flow

TRAMS Deployment Three test sites. PHL (April 2008) JFK (July 2008) LAX (November 2008) SCAP testing December 2008 – February 2009 TRAMS Deployment begins in Mar 08 at DFW. New site installed about every 3 weeks thereafter. Continuous data collection and analysis up to and including FY 2011. Permanent data collection and daily summaries beyond FY 2011. TCAS certified to Level B – We provide data and analyze data coleected by a avioincs manufacturer delivered to us by the ACO for analysis.

Backup Slides

A Brief History of TCAS (2)