Introduction to Phylogeny With some review of taxonomy…

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Presentation transcript:

Introduction to Phylogeny With some review of taxonomy…

Taxonomy is….

The classification of organisms in an ordered system that indicates natural relationships.

Classification is…

Classification is The systematic grouping of organisms into categories on the basis of evolutionary or structural relationships between them

Section 18-3 Concept Map are characterized by such as and differing which place them in which coincides with which place them in which is subdivided into Living Things Kingdom Eubacteria Kingdom Archaebacteria Eukaryotic cells Prokaryotic cells Important characteristics Cell wall structures Domain Eukarya Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Protista Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Animalia

DOMAIN KINGDOM CELL TYPE CELL STRUCTURES NUMBER OF CELLS MODE OF NUTRITION EXAMPLES Bacteria Eubacteria Prokaryote Cell walls with peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotroph or heterotroph Streptococcus, Escherichia coli Archaea Archaebacteria Prokaryote Cell walls without peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotroph or heterotroph Methanogens, halophiles Protista Eukaryote Cell walls of cellulose in some; some have chloroplasts Most unicellular; some colonial; some multicellular Autotroph or heterotroph Amoeba, Paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp Fungi Eukaryote Cell walls of chitin Most multicellular; some unicellular Heterotroph Mushrooms, yeasts Plantae Eukaryote Cell walls of cellulose; chloroplasts Multicellular Autotroph Mosses, ferns, flowering plants Animalia Eukaryote No cell walls or chloroplasts Multicellular Heterotroph Sponges, worms, insects, fishes, mammals Eukarya Classification of Living Things Section 18-3 Review of the Domains and Kingdoms

Kingdoms Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia DOMAIN EUKARYA DOMAIN ARCHAEA DOMAIN BACTERIA Section 18-3 This Diagram shows how the organisms in the different Domains and Kingdoms are related

Phylogeny is… The genealogical history of organisms, both living and extinct, Representing the historical pattern of relationships among organisms which has resulted from the actions of many different evolutionary processes. Basically how organisms are related based on how they evolved.

Phylogeny is displayed with a Cladogram Kingdoms Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia

Cladogram A branching, treelike diagram endpoints of the branches represent specific species of organisms. Used to illustrate phylogenetic relationships show points at which various species have diverged from common ancestral forms.

CLASSIFICATION BASED ON VISIBLE SIMILARITIES CLADOGRAM AppendagesConical Shells Crab Barnacle Limpet Crab Barnacle Limpet CrustaceansGastropod Molted exoskeleton Segmentation Tiny free-swimming larva Section 18-2 Traditional Classification Versus Cladogram Cladogram

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