HOW DO FUNGI SURVIVE? 1/fungibleedingtooth_ k.jpg

5f3bb7448a5a f3598d30d8/kingdom-fungi-pic-4.jpg

What Are Fungi?  Eukaryotic  Heterotrophic  Cell Walls Containing Chitin  Chitin: a complex carbohydrate that is also found in the external skeletons of insects u.jpg

What does it mean to be a heterotroph?  Depend on other organisms for food  This makes them similar to animals  BUT… c7gZ4FH4NhUT-Hg

Unlike Animals  Fungi don’t ingest their food  They digest their food outside of their bodies and then absorb it  Through a process called Extracellular Digestion

Structure and Function of Fungi  Yeasts are the only unicellular fungi  The rest are multicellular  Composed of hyphae yces_lactis_yeast_cell_metabolize_lactose_milk_sugar__AH973A.jpg

Hyphae  Definition: tiny filament that makes up a multicellular fungus  One cell wall thick  Some have cross walls  Divide hyphae into cells containing 1 or 2 nuclei  Have tiny openings so cytoplasm and nuclei can move  Some lack cross walls  Contain many nuclei content/uploads/2014/04/Forms-of-hyphae- Septate-and-Coenocytic-Hyphae.jpg

Two Kinds of Hyphae hyphae-Septate-and-Coenocytic-Hyphae.jpg

MAKING A MYCELIUM ACTIVITY

Structure and Function of Fungi  Mycelium  Thick mass of tangled hyphae  Makes up body of a fungus  Mushroom  Fruiting body Reproductive structure Grows from the mycelium in the soil

Mycelium

Structure and Function of Fungi Fruiting Body Mycelium Hyphae

Structure and Function of Fungi  Fairy Rings  Mycelium can live for many years  Nutrients in the center of mycelium are exhausted  New mushrooms only sprout around the edges

Fairy Rings

Reproduction in Fungi  Most fungi reproduce BOTH  Asexually Hyphae break off and grow on their own Through spores Spore: reproductive cell capable of growing through mitosis alone Produced in sporangia Sporangia on tips of specialized hyphae, Sporangiophores  Sexually

Reproduction in Fungi  Most fungi reproduce BOTH  Asexually  Sexually Involves two different mating types of hyphae Sex cells (gametes) are the same size Mating types are plus “+” and minus “-” Two mating type hyphae meet and fuse eventually creating spores Spores similar to asexual spore: undergo mitosis to become a new fungi

How Fungi Spread  Spores found in almost every environment  Spores can scatter in the wind  Spores can be spread over long distances by animals  Need the proper combination of temperature, moisture, and food  Even so… probability of spore producing a mature organism can be < 1 in a billion

How Fungi Spread  Planet Wild-Fungi | Storyteller Media Planet Wild-Fungi | Storyteller Media