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21-1 The Kingdom Fungi
Photo Credit: ©D. Cavagnaro/DRK Photo
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What Are Fungi?
What Are Fungi?
What are the defining characteristics of fungi?
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What Are Fungi?
Fungi are eukaryotic heterotrophs that have cell walls.
Their cell walls contain chitin, a complex carbohydrate.
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What Are Fungi?
Fungi depend on other organisms for food. They digest food outside of their bodies and then absorb it.
Some fungi absorb nutrients from decaying matter in the soil.
Other fungi are parasites, absorbing nutrients from their hosts.
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5. Structure and Function of Fungi
Except for yeasts, all fungi are multicellular.
Fungi are made up of thin filaments called hyphae. Each hypha is only one cell thick.
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6. Structure and Function of Fungi
In some fungi, cross walls divide hyphae into cells with 1 or 2 nuclei.
In the cross walls, there are openings through which the cytoplasm and nuclei can move.
Most fungi are made up of filaments called hyphae. In some fungi, the hyphae are divided by cross walls.
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7. Structure and Function of Fungi
Some hyphae lack cross walls and contain many nuclei.
Most fungi are made up of filaments called hyphae. In some fungi, the hyphae lack cross walls and contain many nuclei.
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8. Structure and Function of Fungi
What is the internal structure of a fungus?
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9. Structure and Function of Fungi
Fungus Structure 
The bodies of multicellular fungi are composed of many hyphae tangled together into a thick mass called a mycelium.
The mycelium permits a large surface area to come in contact with the food source through which it grows.
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10. Structure and Function of Fungi
Structure of a Typical Fungus
Fruiting body
Hyphae
The body of a mushroom is part of a mycelium formed from many tangled hyphae. The major portion of the mycelium grows below ground. The visible portion of the mycelium is the reproductive structure, or fruiting body, of the mushroom.
Mycelium
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11. Structure and Function of Fungi
A mushroom is the fruiting body of a fungus.
A fruiting body is a reproductive structure growing from the mycelium in the soil beneath it.
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Reproduction in Fungi
Reproduction in Fungi
How do fungi reproduce?
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Reproduction in Fungi
Most fungi reproduce both asexually and sexually.
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Reproduction in Fungi
Asexual reproduction occurs when hyphae break off and begin to grow on their own.
Some fungi produce spores, which scatter and grow. In some fungi, spores are produced in structures called sporangia.
Sporangia are at tips of specialized hyphae called sporangiophores.
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Reproduction in Fungi
Sexual reproduction involves two mating types: “+” (plus) and “–” (minus).
Hyphae of opposite mating types meet and fuse, bringing “+” and “–” nuclei together in one cell.
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Reproduction in Fungi
After growth and development, the nuclei form a diploid zygote nucleus.
The zygote enters meiosis and produces haploid spores.
These spores are capable of growing into new organisms.
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How Fungi Spread
How Fungi Spread
Many fungi produce dry spores that scatter easily in the wind.
If these spores are to germinate, they must land in an environment with the proper combination of temperature, moisture, and food so they can grow.
Other fungi are specialized to lure animals, which disperse spores over long distances.
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21-1
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The cell walls of fungi are made up of
chitin.
hyphae.
mycelium.
cellulose.
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The part of the mushroom that appears above ground is the
mycelium, or main body of the fungus.
photosynthetic organ of the fungus.
reproductive structure of the fungus.
structure used to capture prey.
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The hyphae that make up multicellular fungi are
long chains that are several cells thick.
thin filaments that are sometimes divided into cells.
the fruiting bodies used in reproduction.
the structures that grow above ground.
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Most fungi reproduce
sexually.
asexually.
both sexually and asexually.
neither sexually or asexually.
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Sporangia are found at the tips of specialized hyphae called
gametangia.
mycelia.
sporangiophores.
sporophytes.
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