1. Kingdom Fungi

2. What are Fungi? Eukaryotes Multicellular (except yeast)
Heterotrophic – digest food outside of body and then absorb it – feed by absorbing nutrients from decaying matter in the soil
Cell walls made up of chitin, a complex carbohydrate

3. Structure and Function
Composed of hyphae which are only one cell thick
Bodies of fungi are composed of masses of tangled hyphae called mycelium
The mycelium is well suited to absorb food because it permits a large surface area to come in contact with the food source through which it grows
Fruiting body is a reproductive structure that grows from the mycelium in the soil beneath it  multiple mushrooms may grow from the same mycelium making it one organism
The fungus you see above ground is actually the fruiting bodies.

4. Fungal Hyphae
Hyphae are the individual threads, while mycelium is all of the hyphae put together.

5. Reproduction Both asexual and sexual
Asexual reproduction takes place in two ways
Cells or hyphae break off and grow into a new organism
Production of spores
Produced in sporangia found at the tips of specialized hyphae called sporangiophores

6. Reproduction
Sexual reproduction involves two different mating types: + and - (plus and minus)
When hyphae of opposite mating types meet, they start sexual reproduction by fusing and bringing the 2 nuclei together
After a period of growth, the nuclei form a zygote  move into meiosis  produces haploid spores which are released and develop into new organisms

7. Mode of nutrition All fungi are heterotrophs.
Many obtain food from dead and decaying organic matter
Play an essential role in maintaining equilibrium in nearly every ecosystem, where they recycle nutrients by breaking down the bodies and wastes of other organisms
Others are parasitic – they can live directly on or within an organism

8. Parasitic Fungi

9. How Fungi Spread Found almost everywhere
Spores are released by fungus and are scattered by wind
Spores must land in a favorable environment  proper combination of temperature, moisture, and food

10. Groups of Fungi There are 4 phyla of fungi Zygomycota (Common Molds)
Ex - Rhizopus stolonifer (black bread mold)
Asexual – spores in sporangiophores
Sexual – fusion of gametangia resulting in zygospores

11. Rhizopus stolinifer

12. Groups of fungi Ascomycota (Sac Fungi)
Ex – Cup Fungi, Yeasts, Truffles, Neurospora (red bread mold)
Asexual – conidia on conidiaphores
Sexual – fusion of hyphae resulting in ascospores in ascus

13. Cup Fungi

14. Truffles

15. Neurospora

16. Groups of Fungi Basidiomycota (Club Fungi)
Ex – mushrooms, puffballs, bracket fungi
Asexual – none or conidia on conidophores
Sexual – fusion of cells on hyphae resulting in basidiospores on a basidium

17. Mushrooms

18. Puffballs

19. Bracket Fungi

20. Groups of Fungi Deuteromycota (Imperfect Fungi) Penicillium
Ex – penicillium, athletes foot
Asexual – Conidia on conidiophores
Sexual - none
Penicillium