1. Fungi

2. When you think of fungus, what do you think of?
Mold on your fruits?
Mushrooms on your Pizza?
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3. Importance of Kingdom Fungi
1. many pathogenic species
ex. Ringworm
ex. athlete’s foot
ex. potato blight
2. decomposers
i.e. saprophytes
recycle dead organisms
(fertilize soil)
break down toxic waste
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4. Importance of Kingdom Fungi
3. some species produce antibiotics
ex. Penicillium
4. food source
* mushrooms (vitamin D)
* make blue cheeses
5. yeast: used commercially to make:
bread
beer & wine
edible mushrooms
chicken of the woods
beefsteak
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5. Similarities Between Plants & Fungi
eukaryotic cells
numerous organelles
multicellular (*except yeast)
have cell walls
anchored in soil
stationary
reproduce asexually or sexually
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6. Differences Between Plants & Fungi
one nucleus per cell
many nuclei per cell
autotrophs (make own food)
Heterotrophs (must eat to get nutrition)
have roots
no roots (filaments instead!)
cellulose in cell walls
chitin in cell walls
(like insects)
reproduce by seeds
no seeds, they have spores
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7. Generalized Structure
nuclei
made of thin filaments called hyphae
Under a microscope, hyphae look like a tangled mass of threads or tiny plant roots
cell wall
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8. Generalized Structure
Mycelium:
formed by many intertwining threads of cells called hyphae
- Very much like a “colony”
- Usually forms on or below surface of soil
mycelium showing many interlocking hyphae
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9. Anatomy of Fungus Mycelium Hyphae Fruiting Body (Mushroom)
The dividers between fungal cells often have openings that allow proteins,
fluids and even nuclei to flow from one cell to another.
Some fungal species have no cell dividers:
just a long, continuous cell dotted by multiple nuclei spread throughout.
Hyphae
Fruiting
Body
(Mushroom)
Mycelium
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10. Oregon Honey Mushroom (Armillaria ostoyae)
Nicknamed the “Humungous Fungus”
Started as a single microscopic spore
Has grown for 2,400 years and is now 8.9 km across
The only above-ground signs of the humongous fungus are patches of dead trees and the mushrooms that form at the base of infected trees.
The Humungous Fungus is the Largest living organism on Planet Earth
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11. Life Cycle – Asexual Reproduction
spores:
unicellular reproductive cells (ie. made of one cell)
formed in specialized spore cases called sporangia (um)
when mature, sporangia break open releasing 1000’s of spores to be carried by the wind
Sporangiophore
each spore forms a new mycelium (identical to parent)
ex. Rhizopus stoloniferous- bread mould
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12. Spore Dispersal
Fungus generally don’t grow tall enough, or in high enough areas to simply release their spores into the wind
Spores must “burst” from the fruiting body
This increases the chances of their spores being picked up by drafts or landing on an animal
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13. Life Cycle – Sexual Reproduction
2 Haploid (one set of chromosomes) hyphae cells fuse together
grow into a mushroom (fruiting body)
sexually produced spores form on the inside of the gills
as spores mature, mushroom opens up & releases its spores to the wind
(up to 2 billion/mushroom)
each spore grows into a genetically different mycelium
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14. Life Cycle – Sexual Reproduction
cap
Label the following diagram of a mushroom.
gills
stalk
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15. Yeast different from other fungi because: unicellular
reproduce asexually by budding
1. nucleus doubles
2. one nucleus moves into the bud
3. bud grows & falls off to become a new yeast cell identical to parent
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16. Scary Fungus
Coryceps: A parasitic fungus that “takes over” the body of its host, eventually killing it
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17. Mucormycosis is a fungal infection of the sinuses, brain, or lungs that occurs primarily in people with immune disorders.
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18. Read the following
Page 140 # 1, 3, 5, 6, 8
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