Chapter 18

When did the French Revolution take place? a b c d. 1789

 Answer: d; 1789

Three orders in which France’s population had been divided since the Middle Ages.

 The Three Estates.

 The First Estate consisted of this group.

 The clergy.

 The Second Estate was comprised of this group.

 The nobility.

 What group made up the Third Estate?

 The commoners of society.

 Which of the following was not part of the Third Estate?  Skilled craftspeople  Shopkeepers  Bourgeoisie  Nobles  Bankers  industrialists

 Nobles

If social conditions formed the long-range background to the French Revolution, what was the immediate cause?

 The immediate cause of the revolution was the financial crisis.

 Who was the king of France when the Revolution began?

 Louis XVI.

 The French parliament, which had not been called since 1614, was called this.

 What was the Estates General?

 Where did the meeting of the Estates General take place?

 At the palace of Versailles.

 Which of the following was not desire of the Third Estate? a. To abolish the monarchy. b. To set up a constitutional government that would abolish the tax exemptions. c. For each deputy of the Estates General to have one vote. d. All of the above were wishes of the Third Estate.

 A; To abolish the monarchy.

When the king declared that he was in favor of the current system of voting, members of the Third Estate called itself a National Assembly and decided to draft a(n)_________________.

 Constitution.

 When members of the Third Estate arrived at the meeting, they found the doors locked. Where did they meet instead?

 A nearby indoor tennis court.

 The promise made by the National Assembly to meet until they had drafted a French constitution was called the ____________ __________Oath.

 When the king threatened to use force against the Third Estate, it was the common people who saved the Third Estate from the king’s forces.  On July 14, 1789, what structure was taken down brick by brick when a mob of Parisians rushed to Paris?

 The Bastille!

 What was the Bastille?  A tennis court  An armory and prison  Louis’ palace  A restaurant

 The Bastille was an armory and prison.

 What was the Great Fear? a. A plague that swept across France in the late 1700s. b. A period of panic that spread through France in the summer of the revolution. c. When Napoleon states a coup d’etat d. None of the above

 The Great Fear was (b) a period of panic that spread through France in the summer of the revolution.

 Aristocratic privileges, such as payment of fees for the use of village facilities and contributions to the clergy.

 What are relics of feudalism.

 This document was adopted by the National Assembly on August 26, It was inspired by the American Declaration of Independence and Constitution, and the English Bill of Rights.

 What is the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen.

 When women were excluded from “political rights and functions”, she penned a Declaration of the Rights of Women and the Female Citizen.

 Olympe de Gouges

 What group led a demonstration at the King’s palace on October 5, 1789?

 Women  “We are bringing back the baker, the baker’s wife, and the baker’s boy”

 A new constitution was drafted in Under this constitution, all males had the same rights, but could all men vote?

 No, only those men who paid a specific amount in taxes could vote.

 When Louis XVI began to lose power, Austria and ______________threatened to use force to restore his power. a. Prussia b. France c. Spain d. Germany

 Answer: A; Prussia

 Who seized political power from the Legislative Assembly? a. National Assembly b. Henry VIII c. Paris Commune d. Marie Antoinette

 C; The Paris Commune

 The term san-culottes, meaning “without breeches,” implied that the members of this political group were a. Women, because they wore skirts. b. Very poor and could not afford pants. c. Pacifists who did not use guns. d. Ordinary patriots without fine clothes.

D; Ordinary patriots without fine clothes.

What two factions were divided over the fate of the king?

 The Girondins and the Mountain.

 Who was the brutal head of the Committee of Public Safety? a. Jean-Paul Marat b. Georges Danton c. Maximilien Robespierre d. Victor Hugo

 C; Maximilien Robespierre

 Between 1793 and 1794 the Committee of Pubic Safety took control. To defend France from threats, courts were set up to prosecute enemies of the republic. Close to 40,000 people were killed during this period.

 The Reign of Terror

 In its attempts to create a new order that reflected its belief in reason, the National Convention a. Declared new national holidays celebrating great French cuisine. b. Ordered the building of several new libraries and universities, even though the treasury was empty. c. Pursued a policy of dechristianization, going so far as to adopt a new calendar. d. Drafted yet another Constitution to reflect the ideas of the Enlightenment.

 C; Pursued a policy of Dechristianization. The word saint was removed from street names, churches were pillaged and closed; priests were encouraged to marry.

 Under this church reform, lands belonging to the Church were seized and sold, the Church was secularized when bishops and priests were to be elected by the people. Essentially, the French government now controlled the Church.

The Civil Constitution of the Clergy.

 What was the motto of the First Republic?

 Liberty, Equality, Fraternity

 The _________was the last government of the French Revolution.

 The Directory.

 Sudden overthrow of the government.

 Coup d’etat

 This self-proclaimed emperor ruled the French Empire from 1799 to 1815.

 Napoleon Bonaparte

 After the coup, what was the new government called?

 The consulate. Although theoretically a republic, Napoleon held absolute power.

 How did Napoleon establish peace with the Catholic Church?

 He made Catholicism the official religion in France.

 How was promotion within Napoleon’s new bureaucracy determined?

 By ability only, not rank or birth.

 What was the most important of the seven legal codes established by Napoleon? a. The Religious Code b. The Food Code c. The Merchant Code. d. The Civil Code.

 D; the Civil Code (the Napoleonic Code) It preserved the gains made by the revolution by recognizing the principle of equality of all before the law, the right of a person to choose a profession, religious toleration, and the abolition of serfdom and feudalism!

 True or False?  Napoleon shut down 60 of France’s 73 newspapers.

 True!  He insisted that all manuscripts be censored!

What was Napoleon’s final battle? a. Trafalgar b. Leipzig c. Waterloo d. Elba

 C; Waterloo

 The three major parts of Napoleon’s Grand Empire were a. The First Estate, the Second Estate, and the Third Estate. b. France, Morocco, and Algeria c. The French Empire, the dependent states, and the allied states. d. Austria, Prussia, and Serbia

 C; the French Empire, the dependent states, and the allied states.

 What battle did the British defeat Napoleon?

 The Battle of Trafalgar.

How did the Russians defeat Napoleon’s Grand Army? a. By retreating hundreds of miles and burning their own villages and countryside. b. By waiting to attack during the brutal Russian winter. c. By splitting their meager forces in half and attacking from two sides. d. Making an alliance with Egypt, which launched an attack on Turkey to draw Napoleon out of Russia.

 A; retreating hundreds of miles and burning their villages and countryside.

 What term is used for the unique cultural identify of a people based on their common factors?

 Nationalism.

 Island off the coast of Turkey, where Napoleon was first exiled.

 Elba.