1. The French Revolution Mr. Ermer World History Miami Beach Senior High

2. Two Worlds, Two Revolutions 1789: The United States ratify their new constitution, French revolution begins 1789: The United States ratify their new constitution, French revolution begins –Aims to create new political and social order –Major turning point in European history Social inequality was problem for France Social inequality was problem for France –Three estates had not changed since M. Ages  First estate (clergy): exempt from paying taxes  Second estate (nobles): owned 25-30% of land  Third estate (majority): little to no power in society

4. The Three Estates Third estate is made up of many groups, some educated, some not Third estate is made up of many groups, some educated, some not Relics of Feudalism: aristocratic privileges, fees for use of village facilities Relics of Feudalism: aristocratic privileges, fees for use of village facilities Bourgeoisie: upper middle class (third estate), 8% of population, owns 25% land Bourgeoisie: upper middle class (third estate), 8% of population, owns 25% land –Resented the nobility, but had chance at nobility Many aristocrats and bourgeoisie upset with monarchy’s power Many aristocrats and bourgeoisie upset with monarchy’s power –Aspire to Enlightenment ideals

6. Financial Crisis Bad harvests (1787-88) and slow down in manufacturing=unemployment, raising prices, food shortages Bad harvests (1787-88) and slow down in manufacturing=unemployment, raising prices, food shortages –3 million poor people, with nothing to eat King spends $$ on wars and fancy parties King spends $$ on wars and fancy parties King Louis XVI calls first meeting of the Estates-General since 1614 to raise taxes King Louis XVI calls first meeting of the Estates-General since 1614 to raise taxes –Each estate had representatives  First and Second Estates= 300 delegates  Third Estate= 600 delegates

8. The National Assembly Third estates wants new constitution, taxes to be paid by everybody Third estates wants new constitution, taxes to be paid by everybody Used to be each estate has one vote Used to be each estate has one vote –Third estate wants one vote per delegate –King denies claim, old way stays Third estate leaves, est National Assembly Third estate leaves, est National Assembly –Goal: create new constitution/government –N.A. locked out of meeting places, moves to indoor tennis court –Tennis Court Oath

10. Bastille Day July 14, 1789: Parisians storm the Bastille, government flees to Versailles July 14, 1789: Parisians storm the Bastille, government flees to Versailles Louis XVI can no longer trust troops Louis XVI can no longer trust troops Rebellions all over France, cities & country Rebellions all over France, cities & country The Great Fear: citizens form militias The Great Fear: citizens form militias August 4: National Assembly votes to abolish landlord rights, financial privileges August 4: National Assembly votes to abolish landlord rights, financial privileges

11. July 14: Bastille Day

12. Declarations of the Rights of Man Nat’l Assembly adopts doc inspired by U.S. Constitution and Dec. of Independence & English Bill of Rights Nat’l Assembly adopts doc inspired by U.S. Constitution and Dec. of Independence & English Bill of Rights –Women not included Louis XVI remains in Versailles, women storm palace demanding king’s approval Louis XVI remains in Versailles, women storm palace demanding king’s approval Royal Family goes to Paris with food, but the king and family are imprisoned in Paris Royal Family goes to Paris with food, but the king and family are imprisoned in Paris

14. Church & Constitutional Reforms Catholic Church seen as link to old order Catholic Church seen as link to old order –Assembly needs money, sells church lands Assembly nationalizes church, Catholics become enemies of the revolution Assembly nationalizes church, Catholics become enemies of the revolution Constitution of 1791: limited monarchy Constitution of 1791: limited monarchy –Many think it is too similar to before, many think it is too different, king seen as disloyal when he tries to flee France but returned to Paris by soldiers

15. War With Austria Austria and Prussia nervous revolution may spread to their countries Austria and Prussia nervous revolution may spread to their countries –Invade France in support of King Louis XVI Legislative Assembly declares war Legislative Assembly declares war –Look for somebody to blame for early losses Citizens attack palace and assembly bldg Citizens attack palace and assembly bldg New assembly called to create new govn’t New assembly called to create new govn’t Power belongs to “Paris Commune” and the sans-culottes Power belongs to “Paris Commune” and the sans-culottes

16. Radical Revolution Paris Commune attacks those who supported the king, then massacred them Paris Commune attacks those who supported the king, then massacred them 1792: New assembly, Nat’l Convention, abolishes monarchy, establishes republic 1792: New assembly, Nat’l Convention, abolishes monarchy, establishes republic –Disagree on what else to do, split: –Girondine: feared mobs, king alive –Mountain: wanted king dead Mountain wins, condemn king to death Mountain wins, condemn king to death –Guillotine: machine used to behead people quickly and “humanely” Death of king makes French Revolution unpopular all over the world Death of king makes French Revolution unpopular all over the world

18. Crises & Response Parisian Commune pushes Nat’l Convention to adopt more radical policies Parisian Commune pushes Nat’l Convention to adopt more radical policies –Nat’l Convention does not control whole country Austria, Prussia, Spain, Portugal, Britain, and the Dutch Republic declare war on France Austria, Prussia, Spain, Portugal, Britain, and the Dutch Republic declare war on France –French army falls back as armies invade France establishes Committee of Public Safety France establishes Committee of Public Safety –To squash domestic threats to revolution, CPS executes 40,000 people in Reign of Terror CPS says killing was only temporary CPS says killing was only temporary

20. Work On It: On page 312, write and answer questions 1-4