1. The French Revolution Begins
Ch 18 Section 1
The French Revolution Begins

2. Background Began 1789 Create new political and social order Causes:
Immediate– Economic
Long-range– Inequality in society
Three Estates (classes/orders of society)

3. Long Range Cause Three Estates
1st Estate- Clergy
Religious leaders
2nd Estate- Nobility
Leaders in government, military, courts, and church offices
3rd Estate- Commoners
Paid taxes the clergy and nobility did not have to pay
Bourgeoisie (BURZH-WAH-ZEE)
Middle Class
Merchants, bankers, professionals

4. Immediate Cause Financial Crisis
Bad harvests (crops)
Less manufacturing
Food shortages
Rising prices
Unemployment
King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette
High government spending
New taxes

5. Representation
3rd Estate wanted more votes in government (Estates-General)
Met at Versailles
King refused
Formed the National Assembly
Created a constitution
Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen

6. Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen
Inspired by U.S. Constitution and English Bill of Rights
Enlightenment Ideas
Freedom of Speech & Press
Equal Rights
Public Office
No Tax Exemptions

7. What About Women? Olympe de Gouges Writer
Women should have same rights as men
Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen
National Assembly ignored her

8. Impact of the Declaration
King was forced to accept the Declaration
Mobs of women and men attacked his castle
National Assembly seized and sold the lands of the Catholic Church
Clergy must be elected
“…detachments of women coming up from every direction, armed with broomsticks, lances, pitchforks, swords, pistols, and muskets.”

9. New Constitution Constitution of 1791 Limited monarchy
Legislative Assembly makes laws
Leads to the downfall of King Louis XVI

10. Radical Revolution and Reaction
Ch. 18 Sec. 2
Radical Revolution and Reaction

11. The Move to Radicalism Paris commoners became radicals
Revenge on people who helped king/resisted revolution
Poor
Encouraged to use violence what they wanted
Lead by Georges Danton, Jean-Paul Marat, & Maximilien Robespierre

12. Fate of the King The French Republic was formed
Abolished the monarchy & created a republic
Condemned King Louis XVI to death
Executed on a guillotine
Outraged all European Monarchs

13. Reign of Terror 1793-1794 Lead by Maximilien Robespierre
Committee of Public Safety
40,000 people killed
16,000 under guillotine
Executions held in places that openly rebelled
Closed churches

14. End of the Terror By late 1790s, French defeated most enemies
Austrian Netherlands
Robespierre-
Obsessed with power
Rid France of corruptors
National Convention- guillotined on July 28, 1794
Reign of Terror ended
Moderate rulers

15. The Directory Committee of Public Safety lost power Churches reopened
New constitution- Aug. 1795
National Legislative Assembly
Legislative body (makes laws)
Chosen by electors (voters)
Must own or rent property worth a certain value

16. Bell Ringer #3
How did Napoleon Bonaparte impact France?

17. Ch 18 Sec 3
The Age of Napoleon

18. Directory Problems Executive directors
Directory (corrupt)
Unable to find a solution to problems
Coup d’etat- sudden overthrow of government
Led by Napoleon Bonaparte
Ended Directory

19. The Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte
Dominated France and Europe from
Child of the Revolution
“I am the revolution”

20. Early Life- From Military to Emperor
Commander
Speed, Deception, & Surprise
Coup d’etat (1799)
Overthrew Directory
New Government
Consulate
Consul for life (1802) Absolute Power
Crowned himself Emperor (1804)

21. Domestic Policies Peace with Catholic Church Papal Agreement (1801) 
France will be Catholic, BUT the French people keep church land seized in the revolution

22. More Domestic Policies
Codification (organization) of laws
7 codes of Law
Civil Code (Napoleonic Code)
Revolutionary Ideas
Equality

23. Even More Domestic Policies
Ability based bureaucracy (system of government)
Merit (not birth right) based nobility
Civil or Military

24. Negative Domestic Policies
Eliminated freedom of press
Closed 60 of 73 newspapers
Manuscripts were approved before published
Mail opened by government police

25. Napoleon’s Empire 1802- 1803- Short lasting peace treaty
War broke out with Britain
Defeated Austria, Prussia, Russia

26. Napoleon’s Empire Con’t
master of Europe (3 parts)
French empire (inner core)
Dependant states (kingdoms under rule of relatives)
Allied states (defeated states forced to join Napoleon in defeating Britain)
Spread Revolutionary ideas

27. European Response Empire collapsed (2 reasons)
Survival of Great Britain (naval power)
Nationalism (unique cultural identity of people based on commonalities)
Language
Religion
Hated as oppressors
Stirred patriotism of others

28. The Fall of Napoleon
June Invasion of Russia (600,000 French Soldiers)
Russia refused to fight
Retreated and burned their own cities
Napoleon started “Great Retreat”
40,000 soldiers
Other countries attacked France’s crippled army
Napoleon exiled to Elba
Louis XVIII takes power