The Geography of Rome
Italy in 750 BCE
The Mythical Founding of Rome: Romulus & Remus
Romulus and Remus Mother was Rhea Silvia-Vestal Virgin Raped by Mars Uncle ordered babies to be drowned “Suckled by wolf’ Raised by Faustulus Romulus killed Remus-and founded Rome in 753 BC
Romulus and Remus A nice myth!!! Virgil even said that Romulus was a descendent of Aeneas, a survivor of the Trojan War! Now tell us the real story! Ok, if you insist!
Real story!!! Rome founded by Latins living near the Tiber River Good place for defense! They lived in mud huts and were shepherds Not as much fun, but it’s probably the truth.
Trusty Etruscan rule B.C. Probably from Lydia Take control of Rome by 600 B.C. They get no respect! Yet much of Roman culture comes from Etruscans
Real story cont. Rome became a strong city state dominated by Etruscans (around 600 B.C.) Rich Romans called Patricians (12 families) given local control Rome hated the Etruscans
Influence of the Etruscans
What do they do for Rome?!?! Founded many cities in Northern Italy Used stone walls and arches Loved to wage war!!! Introduced blood sports Chariot racing (racing is a blood sport) Art (great bronze work, lousy pots) Eastern religion
How to get rid of them! Romans Recruit their neighbors and rebel against the Etruscans In 509BCE, Romans expelled the last Etruscan king Tarquin the Proud
The Republic Romans hated the idea of a king, established a government of the patricians Lower classes had almost no power (plebeians) Changes somewhat over time (government chart) Class struggle between rich and poor a constant in Rome Slaves had no power
Republican Government 2 Consuls (Rulers of Rome) Senate (Representative body for patricians) Tribal Assembly (Representative body for plebeians)
The Twelve Tables, 450 BCE § Providing political and social rights for the plebeians.
Roman Army Legion 5,000 to 6,000 men – –Two Legions made an army Until 390 B.C. only patricians served in the army Plebians served as Legionnaires
The Centurion Was a rank of an officer who controlled men Became a strong political force in late Republic
Tactics Dropped phalanx for “maniple” Each maniple made of two centuries Caused problems for phalanx
Roman Army Cont.
Weapons Javelin/plate armor/heavy pack Short Swords Wing archers/slingers Catapults Earth ramps, wheeled towers
Roman Army Cont
Military Life Like Sparta, Romans started early (age 10) Key to Roman Army was discipline – –Cowardice: flogging to death – –Thievary: Right hand cut off – –Deviation from orders... Beheading
Camp Life (No Boy Scout camp) Simple food: Bread, porridge, vegetables, sour wine Caesor’s troops rioted when they had to eat meat No pay until 390 B.C. Most money came from “Booty”
Glory in Victory Roman triumphs
Rome’s Early Road System
Roman Roads: The Appian Way
Still in use today
Carthaginian Empire
Hannibal’s Route
First Punic War
Second Punic War
Third Punic War
Reform Leaders § Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus the poor should be given grain and small plots of free land. Both killed/suicide Military Reformer § Gaius Marius recruited an army from the poor and homeless. professional standing army.
Civil War & Dictators § Gaius Sulla Marched on Rome 2X. Reestablished the Old Ways of the Republic. Abolished the power of the Tribunes Defeated Marius with help from Pompey and Crassus. Spared Julius Caesar
The First Triumvirate § Julius Caesar § Marcus Licinius Crassus § Gaius Magnus Pompey
PompeyPompey Civil War & Dictators Julius Caesar
Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BC The Die is Cast!
Hey Big Boy, Welcome to Egypt
Beware the Ides of March! 44 BCE
The Second Triumvirate § Octavian Augustus § Marc Antony § Marcus Lepidus
Hey Big Boy, Welcome to Egypt
Roman Aqueducts
The Roman Colosseum
The Colosseum Interior
Circus Maximus
Octavian Augustus: Rome’s First Emperor
The First Roman Dynasty
Pax Romana : 27 BCE – 180 CE
The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire – 14 CE
The Rise of Christianity
St. Paul: Apostle to the Gentiles
The Spread of Christianity
Imperial Roman Road System
The Empire in Crisis: 3c
Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two: 294 CE
Constantine:
Constantinople: “The 2 nd Rome” (Founded in 330)
Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5c
Attila the Hun: “The Scourge of God”
Byzantium: The Eastern Roman Empire
The Byzantine Empire During the Reign of Justinian
The Byzantine Emperor Justinian
The Legacy of Rome § Republic Government § Roman Law § Latin Language § Roman Catholic Church § City Planning § Romanesque Architectural Style § Roman Engineering Aqueducts Aqueducts Sewage systems Sewage systems Roads Roads Concrete Concrete Arch Arch