World History – Chapter 6 Greece – Part two

The Golden Age After the Persian Wars, artists and teachers moved to Greece 400’s B.C. = Golden Age Peak of cultural development (temples, theatres, gyms) Acropolis was used for art; at the top was the Parthenon (temple of Athena made of marble)

Golden Age continued… Paintings were put on canvas, vases, murals (wall paintings) Sculptures increased (discus thrower) Sculptures showed Greek admiration of human body Four characteristics of Greek art: Showed humans as the most important creature Pride for city-states Showed Greek ideals of harmony, balance, and order Showed Greeks believed in combining beauty and usefulness

Socrates Socrates – (469-399 B.C.) One of history’s greatest thinkers & teachers Criticized Athenian education (said we’re really stupid when they taught opposite) Wanted to be called a philosopher, not a sophist Philosophy is the study of the most fundamental questions of reality and human existence

Socrates Continued… Socrates wanted people to think for themselves not imitate elders; evil comes from ignorance; Socratic method (know thyself); find own answers See VIDEO ON SOCRATES (2:19) Made enemies in the gov’t because he thought it unwise to elect unskilled leaders Was accused of not recognizing Athenian gods and was put to death by poison

Who Can Name This Film And Each Character?

Plato Plato – a rich young aristocrat Wrote about gov’t, education, justice, virtue, and religion Believed that perfect gov’t is run by aristocrats chosen by upper class Taught at academy in Athens

Aristotle Aristotle was a student of Plato In 335 B.C. started own school in Athens Believed the middle class should play a major role in gov’t Believed monarchies, democracies, and aristocracies could become corrupt Instead, he thought they should have a powerful leader, aristocratic advisors, and a democratic assembly Believed in one level of gov’t

Other important dead guys with the same Haircut Pythagoras – a mathematician who came up with a² + b² = c² Aristotle – came up with basis for botany, zoology, and anatomy Democritus – came up with idea of moving atoms Hippocrates – came up with idea that disease comes from nature, not gods (Hippocratic oath) Herodotus – historian who taught from travels Thucydides – historian from Peloponnesian War

Greek Drama Greeks = first to write dramas (plays containing action, dialogue, conflict, emotion) Used masks; outdoor theatres; male actors; contests; Greeks = also wrote tragedies (where the main actor struggled against fate) Ex. Oedipus Greeks = also wrote comedies (mocked ideas and people) See VIDEO ON GREEK THEATRES (4:21)

Macedonia Background: Macedonia had small villages ruled by powerful nobles and had a king Philip of Macedon became king in 359 B.C. Paid an army of 10,000 men; used peasants as infantry; used phalanx (spears protected with shields) Philip defeated Thebes and conquered northern Greece and Athens Before he attacked Persia, he was assassinated

Alexander the Great Philip’s 20 year old son (Alexander) took over Better militarist than father Wanted a Hellenistic Empire by doing 3 things: Build new cities and rebuild old (70 were named Alexandria) Merge Macedonians with Persia by marrying Princess Roxana Make people believe he was a god Married Roxana and his generals married Persian royalty

Alexander the Great Part 2 In 331 B.C. Alexander conquered Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Persian Empire Wanted more so he went after India Got all the way to the Ganges River and his troops refused to go on Decided to return home (½ his men by sea the other ½ went by desert); most died Alexander died shortly after returning to Babylon His generals killed his family and divided his empire 3 ways among them (Macedonia, Egypt, and Syria)

Hellenistic Age During this age, culture spread and affected the areas long after Alexander’s death The economy during this age had few wealthy land owners and many poor Trading occurred between different areas Cities that Alexander built had large market squares and public buildings (schools, theatres, gyms) Wealthy had running water, pipes, furniture Alexandria in Egypt grew to approx. 1,000,000 people Great improvements in philosophy, math, physics, medicine, astronomy, geography and science

random picture (Don’t Look If You Gross Out easily!!!)

Study For Your Test!