1. Alexander the Great Key Terms Philip II Phalanx Alexander the Great
Hellenistic
The Big Idea: Alexander the Great built a huge
empire and helped spread Greek culture
into Egypt and Asia.

2. Macedonia to the North Greece underestimated Macedonia.
The Greeks
thought the
Macedonians
were
barbarians.
Greece underestimated Macedonia.
Philip II, Macedonia’s new king, began to plan his attack on Greece.
Athenian leaders knew they would be attacked but couldn’t rally troops.
Macedonia attacked and defeated Greece.
Philip II was adopted as Greece’s leader.

3. Philip’s Military Strength
After tackling Greece, Philip II looked to conquer Persia. Unfortunately, he was
murdered, passing his throne to his son, Alexander.
Philip’s Military Strength
Philip was an awesome military leader.
He is famous for perfecting the phalanx.
A phalanx was a group of warriors who stood close together in a square, each with a spear.
As soldiers were killed, another would step forward.
Philip’s spears
were 16 feet
long.

4. Alexander Gets Angry
Alexander
was only
20 when
he took
power.
After Philip died, Thebes, another Greek city, rebelled against Alexander.
Alexander made an example of Thebes by destroying the city and enslaving its people.
Confident nobody else would rebel, Alexander began to build an empire.
Alexander earned the name Alexander the Great
when he became one of the greatest conquerors in history.

5. Building an Empire
Alexander started by invading Persia, winning over and over.
Then, he went into Egypt and was immediately crowned a pharaoh without a fight.
Alexander then defeated Persia once and for all after the king fled, making him the ruler.
How do you think historians know this is a picture of Alexander the Great?

6. Alex’s Empire

7. Alexander’s Death
Alexander wanted to continue building his empire, but his army refused to go on.
On his way home, Alexander got sick in Babylon.
He died at 33 and was taken to Egypt to be buried in a golden coffin.
Nobody knows how Alexander died, but some say he was poisoned. Others say
it was malaria.

8. Alexander encouraged Greeks to move to the new cities.
Greek Culture Spreads
Alexander’s empire was the biggest ever.
He founded cities in the lands he conquered and named many Alexandria.
He modeled many cities after Greece with temples and theaters.
Greek
language, art,
literature, and
science
spread around
Alex’s empire.

9. Greek Culture Spreads
Alexander’s
empire was
a melting
pot of
cultures!
Alexander also encouraged his new people to keep their cultures.
This mixed Greek culture with the original cultures.
These new cultures were called Hellenistic, or Greek like.
Hellenistic combined Persian, Egyptian,
Syrian, and other cultures with Greek ideas.

10. Hellenistic Kingdoms
When Alexander died, he did not have an obvious heir.
Three generals ended up fighting for and winning power.
One became king of Macedonia, another of Egypt, and the third of Greece.

11. different cultures and
The new Macedonia
had a weak
government and
was conquered
by the Romans.
The new Egypt
developed
a center of culture and
learning. Eventually,
it was conquered
By Rome.
The new Syria
had too many
different cultures and
differing ideas
to survive. They
were also defeated
by Romans.
Hellenistic Kingdoms