1. UNIT 1, CHAPTER 4 VOCABULARY ANCIENT GREECE 1900-133 B.C.
WORLD HISTORY
UNIT 1, CHAPTER 4 VOCABULARY
ANCIENT GREECE B.C.

3. geography Crete the largest Greek island in the Mediterranean Sparta
an ancient Greek city famous for military prowess; seized more land when needed
Athens
the capital and largest city of Greece; enemy of Sparta
Thebes
an ancient Greek city in Boeotia destroyed by Alexander the Great in 336 BC
Macedonia
an ancient kingdom ruled by Alexander the Great that conquered Greece and the Persian empire in the 300s BC
Mount Olympus
the highest mountain in Greece, where the ancient Greeks believed many of their gods and godessess lived
Minoan Civilization
a civilization that existed on the Mediterranean island of Crete

4. Greek Gods on Mt. Olympus--Can you identify them?

5. philosophy Philosophy an organized system of thought Epicureanism
philosophy founded by Epicurus in Hellenistic Athens; taught that happiness through the pursuit of pleasure was the goal of life
Socratic Method
a method of teaching by question and answer

7. government Polis a city state Democracy
A government by the rule of the many
Oligarchy
a political system governed by a few people
ephors
a group of five men who were elected each year and were responsible for the education of the youth and conduct of the citizens
Direct Democracy
system of government in which people gather at mass meetings to decide on government matters

8. EPHORS MEANS “ELDERS”--The hemeredrome, Pheidippides, implores the Spartan ephors for aid at Marathon.

9. war
Delian League
Pact joined in by Athenians and other Greeks to continue the war with Persia
Hoplites
heavily armed infantry soldiers or foot soldiers
Phalanx
a military formation of foot soldiers armed with spears and shields
Helots
Slaves to the Spartans that revolted and nearly destroyed Sparta in 650 B.C.E.

10. Macedonian phalanx

11. people Solon a reform-minded aristocrat Philip II
king of ancient Macedonia and father of Alexander the Great ( BC)
Alexander the Great
son of Philip II; received military training in Macedonian; conquered much land in Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, and Mesopotamia; goal was to conquer the known world
Eratosthenes
Greek mathematician and astronomer who estimated the circumference of the earth and the distances to the moon and sun ( BC)
Euclid
He is the father of geometry and wrote a book explaining geometry (the Elements)
Archimedes
the most famous scientist of the Hellenistic Era
Xerxes
son of Darius; became Persian king. He vowed revenge on the Athenians. He invaded Greece with 180,000 troops in 480 B.C.

12. Archimedes’ “Screw” was able to draw water upwards using gravity

13. More people Sophocles Greek writer of tragedies; author of Oedipus Rex
Herodotus
the ancient Greek known as the father of history
Thucydides
considered the greatest historian of the ancient world
Pythagoras
Greek philosopher and mathematician who proved the Pythagorean theorem
Socrates
ancient Athenian philosopher who did not believe in recording anything
Plato
one of Socrates' students; was considered by many to be the GREATEST philosopher of western civilization
Aristotle
one of the greatest of the ancient Athenian philosophers; Student of Plato
Pericles
Athenian statesman whose leadership contributed to Athens’ political and cultural supremacy in Greece

14. *Remember Socrates taught Plato & Plato taught Aristotle & Aristotle taught Alexander the Great

15. art & culture Tragedies
the first Greek dramas; presented in a trilogy ... serious drama about common themes such as love, hate, war or betrayal
Homer
ancient Greek epic poet who is believed to have written the Iliad and the Odyssey (circa 850 BC)
Epic Poem
a long narrative poem telling of a hero's deeds

16. Homer the poet

17. MISCELLANEOUS (random) terms
Acropolis
served as a place of refuge during an attack and sometimes came to be a religious center on which temples and public buildings were built
Agora
served as a place where people could assemble and as a market
Age of Pericles
a period of classical Athenian and Greek history in which Athens reached its highest power
Ostracism
procedure used by Athenian assembly in 5th century B.C. to banish a citizen for 10 years without revoking their rights; 6,000 votes were needed for banishment
Oracle
a sacred shrine where a god or goddess revealed the future through a priest or a priestess
Oracle of Apollo at Delphi
The most famous of Greek oracles

18. The Acropolis