England from James I Charles I Civil War Oliver Cromwell Richard Cromwell Charles II James II William & Mary 1689
James I Also James VI of Scotland Divine Right of Kings “King is from God and the Law is from the King” The True Law of Free Monarchies Book describing his belief in DRK
James’ Problems Clashed with Puritans who wished to “purify” the Anglican Church Parliament resented James’ Divine Right philosophy Parliament controlled legitimate means to raise taxes
Charles I
Charles I ( ) Believed in Divine Right Still squabbled with Parliament and Puritans Had financial problems Demanded forced loans from his subjects Quartered troops in private homes at owners expense
Petition of Right 1628 Parliament forced Charles I to accept the “petition of right” before voting him new funds Petition of right declared illegal: Quartering of troops in private homes Forced loans without consent of parliament Imprisonment without specific charge Declaration of martial law in time of peace
What does Charles do? Refuses to call Parliament for 11 years! ( ) Ship Money Tax Uses ancient law to tax coastal towns Uses it on inland towns as well
Charles I Religious policies Forced Puritans to conform to the Church of England Relaxed restrictions against Roman Catholics 1637 Archbishop of Canterbury, William Laud, tried to force Anglicanism on Scotland Scotland rebels Charles needs Parliament to raise funds to fight
Parliaments response “The Grand Remonstrance” Parliament refused to raise funds until the King responded to a list of grievances Charles I dissolves the Parliament after only three weeks The Short Parliament Scots attacked Charles inadequate army Charles agreed to pay the Scots to withdraw Calls Parliament again… The Long Parliament
Long Parliament Parliament forced the King to accept a whole series of measures to limit his Royal Power In 1642, King Charles tried to prevent further Parliamentary action by ordering the arrest of five of the leaders of Parliament in opposition to the King
English Civil War ( ) Parliament vs. the King Two factors led to Parliaments victory over the King: Parliaments alliance with Scotland, John Pym persuaded Parliament to accept the terms of the Solemn League and Covenant. This agreement committed Parliament to a Presbyterian system of Church government. The reorganization of the Parliamentary army under Oliver Cromwell-Independent
Oliver Cromwell Commonwealth Protectorate
Victory over the King – The Interregnum Cromwell’s New Model Army won a decisive victory over the King at the battle of Naesby Parliament changed to just 40 Puritans “Rump Parliament” Executed Charles abolished the Monarchy Ended he House of Lords and the Anglican Church
Lord Protector ( ) ( ) Cromwell invades Ireland to put down any Catholic revolts Cromwell ends the Rump Parliament and rules as a military dictator (1653) Lord Protector of England Dies in 1658 Son Richard becomes Lord Protector for 9 months Parliament seeks changes
Charles II ( ) The Restoration “Merry Monarch” put the fun back into England Reopened theatres Treaty of Dover (1670) Needed money, frustrated with Parliament France agreed to pay 200,000 pounds a year to Charles II Would ease England into Catholicism Convert to Catholicism himself Stop supporting the Dutch in war
Test Act / Clarendon Codes Tried to create religious conformity Had to take the Eucharist in the Anglican Church Had to follow the Book of Common Prayer Penalties: Could not vote Could not hold public office Could not teach in schools
James II ( ) Brother of Charles II Catholic (scared parliament) Believed in D. R. K. Dissolves Parliament Last straw… Has a son - Catholic heir to the throne
The Glorious Revolution Parliament wants change Don’t want another Catholic King Ask James II daughter to take over Mary and William of Orange No bloodshed William and Mary
Constitutional Monarchy Monarchs power was limited by the law All monarchs would rule with Parliament Bill of Rights Can’t dissolve Parliament Freedom of speech in Parliament No taxing without Parliament Cabinet Group that works with the ruling monarch and parliament CABAL
Who’s Got Next? Act of Settlement 1701 Determine the line of succession Could NEVER be a Catholic Mary died without child Went to the grandson of James I Hanoverian German Georges’