1. Constitutionalism in England 1603-1689

2. English Leaders 1603-1689 1.James VI of Scotland becomes James I of England 1603-1625 2. Charles I 1625-1641(48) 4. Charles II 1560-1685 5. James II 1685-1688 3. Oliver Cromwell Lord Protector 1649-1660 6. William and Mary 1688-1700?

3. Tudors War of Roses—aristocracy fought over who would control the monarchy War of Roses—aristocracy fought over who would control the monarchy Henry VIII r.1509-1558—strengthened power of monarchy, lots of wives, created Anglican Church Henry VIII r.1509-1558—strengthened power of monarchy, lots of wives, created Anglican Church Queen Elizabeth r. 1558-1603 (daughter of king and Anne Boleyn and nicknamed the Virgin Queen) very able and practical ruler, used the prospect of marriage to create political alliances. Kept Mary (her half sister) Queen of Scots locked up because she thought Mary was plotting against her. Mary was the rightful heir to the throne after Elizabeth. Queen Elizabeth r. 1558-1603 (daughter of king and Anne Boleyn and nicknamed the Virgin Queen) very able and practical ruler, used the prospect of marriage to create political alliances. Kept Mary (her half sister) Queen of Scots locked up because she thought Mary was plotting against her. Mary was the rightful heir to the throne after Elizabeth.

4. Act of Supremacy 1559 —repealed all anti- Protestant legislation of Mary and gave Elizabeth supreme rights over spiritual affars Act of Supremacy 1559 —repealed all anti- Protestant legislation of Mary and gave Elizabeth supreme rights over spiritual affars Puritans gave her trouble, wanted to reform the church but Elizabeth wouldn’t have it Puritans gave her trouble, wanted to reform the church but Elizabeth wouldn’t have it

5. Treaty of Berwick 1586 —Elizabeth entered a defensive alliance w/Scotland and recognized James, Mary’s son (protestant) as the rightful heir to the throne Treaty of Berwick 1586 —Elizabeth entered a defensive alliance w/Scotland and recognized James, Mary’s son (protestant) as the rightful heir to the throne 1588—Philip II’s Spanish Armada was defeated- this was the greatest achievement of her reign 1588—Philip II’s Spanish Armada was defeated- this was the greatest achievement of her reign English Renaissance happened during her reigion (Shakespeare) English Renaissance happened during her reigion (Shakespeare) 1587, Elizabeth ordered the execution of Mary, Queen of Scots 1587, Elizabeth ordered the execution of Mary, Queen of Scots

6. James I of England 1603-1625 (aka James VI of Scotland) 1 st thing he told Parliament—”Do not try to challenge me” 1 st thing he told Parliament—”Do not try to challenge me” King has the power to dismiss Parliament but Parliament has control of revenues— this will be a constant battle in the coming years King has the power to dismiss Parliament but Parliament has control of revenues— this will be a constant battle in the coming years Puritans were more demanding of reforms, many left to found a colony in MA Puritans were more demanding of reforms, many left to found a colony in MA

7. Charles I Politically inept Politically inept Parliament would only grant him customs duties for one year instead of the life of the monarch which was tradition Parliament would only grant him customs duties for one year instead of the life of the monarch which was tradition Due to military failures, he asked Parliament for more $--they didn’t give it to him Due to military failures, he asked Parliament for more $--they didn’t give it to him Parliament forced him to sign Petition of Rights—no $ w/out consent of Parliament, no imprisonment w/out just cause, no martial law against citizens Parliament forced him to sign Petition of Rights—no $ w/out consent of Parliament, no imprisonment w/out just cause, no martial law against citizens

8. Charles dissolves Parliament and rules 11 years w/out them, collecting ship money Charles dissolves Parliament and rules 11 years w/out them, collecting ship money When he tried to impose religious changes on the Scots, they rebelled. Charles called back Parliament to ask for $ (Short Parliament)—they said no When he tried to impose religious changes on the Scots, they rebelled. Charles called back Parliament to ask for $ (Short Parliament)—they said no He called them again (Long Parliament), they gave him a list of grievances called Grand Remonstrance –Charles fled He called them again (Long Parliament), they gave him a list of grievances called Grand Remonstrance –Charles fled

9. English Civil War Roundheads vs. Cavaliers Roundheads vs. Cavaliers Oliver Cromwell supported Parliament, and with his New Model Army, captures Charles I Oliver Cromwell supported Parliament, and with his New Model Army, captures Charles I Rump Parliament (all Presbyterians removed) condemned Charles and he was executed Rump Parliament (all Presbyterians removed) condemned Charles and he was executed

10. Oliver Cromwell 1649-1660 Known as “The Commonwealth” Known as “The Commonwealth” Military dictatorship, he was Lord Protector Military dictatorship, he was Lord Protector Had religious troubles to deal with Had religious troubles to deal with Parliament was difficult to control Parliament was difficult to control

11. Charles II Church of England restored as official church but signed a secret treaty w/France in which he agreed to make England Catholic Church of England restored as official church but signed a secret treaty w/France in which he agreed to make England Catholic Parliament grew suspicious of Charles and passed the Test Act of 1673—only Anglicans could hold public office Parliament grew suspicious of Charles and passed the Test Act of 1673—only Anglicans could hold public office

12. James II 1685-1688 Catholic Catholic Repealed the Test Act Repealed the Test Act He appeared to champion religious toleration but this was deceptive—he really wanted to bring back royal absolutism He appeared to champion religious toleration but this was deceptive—he really wanted to bring back royal absolutism He fathered a child which made Parliament nervous—they didn’t want to continue w/Catholic kings He fathered a child which made Parliament nervous—they didn’t want to continue w/Catholic kings

13. Glorious Revolution Political elite invited William of Orange and Mary to take over the throne. They had to sign the Bill of Rights, recognizing the supremacy of Parliament and agree to other acts (Act of Toleration, Mutiny Act, Act of Settlement, Act of Union) Political elite invited William of Orange and Mary to take over the throne. They had to sign the Bill of Rights, recognizing the supremacy of Parliament and agree to other acts (Act of Toleration, Mutiny Act, Act of Settlement, Act of Union)