2 The American Colonies Emerge 1 2 3 4 Spain’s Empire in the Americas CHAPTER 2 The American Colonies Emerge Overview Time Lines 1 Spain’s Empire in the Americas SECTION 2 An English Settlement at Jamestown SECTION 3 SECTION Puritan New England 4 Settlement of the Middle Colonies SECTION Chapter Assessment Transparencies

Amerigo Vespucci, explorer CHAPTER 2 The American Colonies Emerge HOME “I have found a continent more densely populated and abounding in animals than our Europe, Asia, and Africa. We may rightly call this continent the New World.” Amerigo Vespucci, explorer THEMES IN CHAPTER 2 Immigration and Migration Cultural Diversity Expanding Democracy

2 The American Colonies Emerge What do you know? CHAPTER 2 The American Colonies Emerge HOME What do you know? • Would you describe your state as an old or new state? Why? • Which four states have the oldest histories in terms of European settlement? • What factors account for the early settlement of what are now Florida and New Mexico?

2 Time Line The United States CHAPTER 2 Time Line HOME The United States 1521 Hernán Cortés conquers the Aztec Empire. 1565 Spanish settlers establish St. Augustine in Florida. 1607 John Smith and other English settlers establish Jamestown. 1619 Ship carrying African laborers arrives at Jamestown. 1620 Pilgrims land at Plymouth. 1630 Puritans found the Massachusetts Bay Colony. 1676 Bacon’s Rebellion erupts. 1681 William Penn receives charter for Pennsylvania.

2 Time Line The World 1526 Mughal Empire begins in India. CHAPTER 2 Time Line HOME The World 1526 Mughal Empire begins in India. 1588 England defeats the Spanish Armada. 1591 Songhai empire falls to Moroccan invaders. 1629 Charles I of England dismisses Parliament. 1644 Manchus establish Qing dynasty in China. 1649 Charles I is beheaded; Puritan leader Oliver Cromwell assumes power in England. 1660 English monarchy is restored.

Spain’s Empire in the Americas SECTION 1 Spain’s Empire in the Americas HOME Learn About the Spanish conquests of Central and North America. To Understand what new and lasting ways of life the Spanish settlers brought to the Americas.

Spain’s Empire in the Americas SECTION 1 Spain’s Empire in the Americas HOME Key Idea The Spanish gain the first foothold in the Americas, as they conquer much of Mexico and what is now the southern part of the United States.

Spain’s Empire in the Americas SECTION 1 Spain’s Empire in the Americas HOME Section 1 Assessment SUMMARIZING What are some events that relate to Spain’s establishment of a profitable empire in the Americas? Cortés conquered the Aztec settlements established in Mexico, Florida, and New Mexico Spain established a profitable empire in the Americas the encomienda system established natives died from disease Spain took gold and silver from Mexico

Spain’s Empire in the Americas SECTION 1 Spain’s Empire in the Americas HOME Section 1 Assessment Do you agree or disagree with the statement that the Spanish conquest of the Aztecs, which led to the creation of Mexico, “was neither a triumph nor a defeat”? FORMING AN OPINION the actions of the conquistadores the effects of disease on native peoples the encomienda system the mestizo population in Mexico today THINK ABOUT

Spain’s Empire in the Americas SECTION 1 Spain’s Empire in the Americas HOME Section 1 Assessment What are three main ideas about Spanish settlement and exploration north of Mexico and about their interaction with Native Americans there? GENERALIZING the explorations of Ponce de Léon and Coronado the establishment of St. Augustine and Santa Fe the activities of Spanish friars Native American acts of resistance THINK ABOUT

An English Settlement at Jamestown SECTION 2 An English Settlement at Jamestown HOME Learn About the reasons for the English settlement at Jamestown. To Understand how this settlement endured an uncertain start and conflict with Native Americans.

An English Settlement at Jamestown SECTION 2 An English Settlement at Jamestown HOME Key Idea English settlers endure early years of hardship to establish England’s first permanent colony in North America.

An English Settlement at Jamestown SECTION 2 An English Settlement at Jamestown HOME Section 2 Assessment SUMMARIZING What were some of the major developments in the colonization of Virginia? 1675 Fighting between settlers and Native Americans 1618 Headright system introduced 1607 Jamestown founded 1609 Starving time began 1624 James I made Virginia a royal colony 1676 Bacon’s Rebellion erupts

An English Settlement at Jamestown SECTION 2 An English Settlement at Jamestown HOME Section 2 Assessment What were the benefits and drawbacks of using indentured servants for labor in Virginia? ANALYZING the labor demands of growing tobacco the characteristics and cost of indentured servants the causes and consequences of Bacon’s Rebellion THINK ABOUT

An English Settlement at Jamestown SECTION 2 An English Settlement at Jamestown HOME Section 2 Assessment The success of tobacco farming in Virginia had wide-ranging effects. Describe the impact on each of these groups: the Jamestown colonists, indentured servants, the Powhatan, the planters. RECOGNIZING EFFECTS the early history of the Jamestown settlement the headright system and indentured servitude Powhatan attacks on colonial villages Bacon’s Rebellion THINK ABOUT

3 Puritan New England Learn About SECTION 3 Puritan New England HOME Learn About the reasons English Puritans came to North America. To Understand the characteristics of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and how the colonists interacted with Native Americans.

3 Puritan New England Key Idea SECTION 3 Puritan New England HOME Key Idea English Puritans settle New England with the hope of establishing a model society based on their religious views.

3 Puritan New England 33 Section Assessment HOME Section 33 Assessment What were the effects of each of the causes listed below? SUMMARIZING CAUSE EFFECT Persecution of Puritans in England Puritan migration to New England Puritan belief in hard work Rapid growth and success of Massachusetts Bay Colony Roger Williams’s dissenting beliefs Founding of new colony based on his principles Conflict with Native Americans, including Pequot War and King Philip’s War Rapid colonial expansion in New England Defeat of King Philip End of Native American power in southeastern New England

3 Puritan New England 33 Section Assessment HOME Section 33 Assessment Why did Puritan leaders view Anne Hutchinson as a threat to their society? DRAWING CONCLUSIONS Puritan beliefs characteristics of Puritan society Hutchinson’s teachings THINK ABOUT

3 Puritan New England 3 Section Assessment HOME Section 3 Assessment Imagine you have been called upon to negotiate between the New England colonists and Native Americans. What would you tell each side about the other to help them overcome their misunderstandings? INTERPRETING the views of the colonists and Native Americans on land and religion the Pequot War and King Philip’s War THINK ABOUT

Settlement of the Middle Colonies SECTION 4 Settlement of the Middle Colonies HOME Learn About the settlement of New Netherland and Pennsylvania. To Understand how these settlements developed into thriving, diverse, and peaceful colonies.

Settlement of the Middle Colonies SECTION 4 Settlement of the Middle Colonies HOME Key Idea Different groups settle what will become the English middle colonies, establishing in the early years a region of marked diversity, tolerance, and peaceful relations with Native Americans.

Settlement of the Middle Colonies SECTION 4 Settlement of the Middle Colonies HOME Section 4 Assessment How do the colonies of New Netherland and Pennsylvania compare? SUMMARIZING NEW NETHERLAND Founded by the Dutch Built on fur trade PENNSYLVANIA Shaped by Quaker ideals Avoided a land-owning aristocracy BOTH Attracted colonists from many ethnic groups Practiced religious toleration Became a proprietary colony Established good relations with Native Americans

Settlement of the Middle Colonies SECTION 4 Settlement of the Middle Colonies HOME Section 4 Assessment Both New Netherland and Pennsylvania encouraged settlers to come from all over western Europe. Was this a good decision for these colonies? EVALUATING DECISIONS the reasons each colony was founded the need for each colony to attract settlers growth and changes in the new colonies THINK ABOUT

Settlement of the Middle Colonies SECTION 4 Settlement of the Middle Colonies HOME Section 4 Assessment How did William Penn succeed in achieving his goals for Pennsylvania, and how did he fail? DRAWING CONCLUSIONS Penn’s “holy experiment” Penn’s actions towards Native Americans changes in Pennsylvania after its founding THINK ABOUT

2 Chapter Assessment HOME 1. How did Mexican culture develop out of both Spanish and Native American elements? 2. How did Native Americans react to Spanish efforts to establish colonies? 3. Explain how John Rolfe transformed the Virginia colony. 4. What conditions caused tension and warfare between settlers and Native Americans in Virginia? 5. What caused Bacon’s Rebellion?

2 Chapter Assessment HOME 6. Describe the role of religion in the lives of Puritans living in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. 7. How were the experiences of Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson similar and different? 8. What caused conflicts between New England colonists and Native Americans? 9. Why did New Netherland develop a reputation for diversity? 10. How did Pennsylvania reflect William Penn’s Quaker ideals?