1. 2 The American Colonies Emerge Spain’s Empire in the Americas
QUIT 2
C H A P T E R
The American Colonies Emerge
CHAPTER OBJECTIVE
INTERACT WITH HISTORY
TIME LINE
SECTION 1
Spain’s Empire in the Americas
SECTION 2
An English Settlement at Jamestown
SECTION 3
Puritan New England
SECTION 4
Settlement of the Middle Colonies
MAP
GRAPH
VISUAL SUMMARY

2. 2 The American Colonies Emerge
HOME 2
C H A P T E R
The American Colonies Emerge
CHAPTER OBJECTIVE
To understand the reasons for the European colonization of the Americas, as well as how the original 13 English colonies took hold in what is now the United States

3. 2 The American Colonies Emerge I N T E R A C T
HOME 2
C H A P T E R
The American Colonies Emerge
I N T E R A C T
W I T H H I S T O R Y
It is You are a colonist about to arrive in the land that England has claimed for itself and named Virginia. Although little is known about this place, you look forward to a life of adventure and prosperity. When you arrive, you are met by Native Americans who ask you why you have come to their land.
How can a land be shared by two different peoples?
Examine the Issues
• As a colonist, how does the presence of another people change your expectations?
• What obligations does a colonist have to natives who already inhabit the land?

4. 2 The American Colonies Emerge The Americas The World continued . . .
HOME 2
C H A P T E R
The American Colonies Emerge
TIME LINE
The Americas
The World
1517 Martin Luther begins the Protestant Reformation.
1521 Hernándo Cortés conquers the Aztec Empire.
1534 Parliament declares Henry VIII head of the English church.
1540 Coronado explores the American southwest.
1575 Spanish settlers establish Saint Augustine, Florida.
1585 English colonists establish a colony at Roanoke Island.
1588 England defeats the Spanish Armada.
1607 John Smith and other colonists establish Jamestown.
continued . . .

5. 2 The American Colonies Emerge The Americas The World HOME TIME LINE
C H A P T E R
The American Colonies Emerge
TIME LINE
The Americas
The World
1618 The Thirty Years War between Catholics and Protestants begins in central Europe.
1620 English “Pilgrims” found Plymouth Colony.
1630 English Puritans found the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
1649 Oliver Cromwell establishes the Puritan Commonwealth in England.
1660 The English monarchy is restored with the accession of Charles II.
1664 England takes New Amsterdam from the Dutch.
1681 William Penn receives charter for Pennsylvania.

6. Spain’s Empire in the Americas
S E C T I O N 1
Spain’s Empire in the Americas
HOME
KEY IDEA
Throughout the 1500s and 1600s, the Spanish conquered Central and portions of North America.
OVERVIEW
ASSESSMENT

7. Spain’s Empire in the Americas
S E C T I O N 1
Spain’s Empire in the Americas
HOME
OVERVIEW
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Throughout the 1500s and 1600s, the Spanish conquered Central and portions of North America.
Spanish language, religion, and architecture continue to influence the Americas.
TERMS & NAMES
• conquistador
• New Spain
• encomienda
• Juan Ponce de León
• Hernándo Cortés
• mestizo
• Popé
• New Mexico
ASSESSMENT

8. 1 Spain’s Empire in the Americas
S E C T I O N 1
Spain’s Empire in the Americas
HOME
ASSESSMENT
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List four events related to the fact that Spain established a profitable empire in the Americas.
Spain established a profitable empire in the Americas.
Spaniards established the encomienda system.
Cortés conquers the Aztec.
Spain took gold and silver from Mexico.
Many natives died from disease.
continued . . .

9. Spain’s Empire in the Americas
S E C T I O N 1
Spain’s Empire in the Americas
HOME
ASSESSMENT
2. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? “The Spanish conquest of the Aztecs, which led to the creation of Mexico, was neither a triumph nor a defeat.” Think About:
• the actions of the conquistadors
• the effects of disease on the native peoples
• the encomienda system
• the mestizo population in Mexico today
ANSWER
Agree: Mexico today has a large mestizo population, reflecting mixed Spanish and native heritage.
Disagree: As a result of the conquest, native people were depleted by disease and subjugated under a harsh labor system. They had little choice but to submit to Spanish influence.
continued . . .

10. Spain’s Empire in the Americas
S E C T I O N 1
Spain’s Empire in the Americas
HOME
ASSESSMENT
3. State three main ideas about the Spaniards’ exploration and settlement north of Mexico and their interaction with Native Americans there.
ANSWER
Early Spanish explorers failed to find much gold north of Mexico, so settlement was limited to far-flung missions and defensive outposts.
Spanish missionaries provided Native Americans with material goods, education, and protection but sometimes abused them and suppressed their culture.
Some Native Americans converted to Christianity, but others resisted violently.
continued . . .

11. Spain’s Empire in the Americas
S E C T I O N 1
Spain’s Empire in the Americas
HOME
ASSESSMENT
4. What can you infer from the fact that approximately 17,000 Native Americans from all over New Mexico took part in Popé’s rebellion?
ANSWER
The Native Americans were well organized. The Spanish priests had alienated a large number of Native Americans during the previous decades.
End of Section 1

12. An English Settlement at Jamestown
S E C T I O N 2
An English Settlement at Jamestown
HOME
KEY IDEA
The first permanent English settlement in North America was founded at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607.
OVERVIEW
ASSESSMENT

13. An English Settlement at Jamestown
S E C T I O N 2
An English Settlement at Jamestown
HOME
OVERVIEW
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
The first permanent English settlement in North America was founded at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607.
English colonies in Virginia developed into the present states of the southern United States.
TERMS & NAMES
• headright system
• royal colony
• Nathaniel Bacon
• joint-stock companies
• indentured servant
• John Smith
• Jamestown
• Powhatan
ASSESSMENT

14. An English Settlement at Jamestown
S E C T I O N 2
An English Settlement at Jamestown
HOME
ASSESSMENT
1. List the major developments in the colonization of Virginia.
Event Two
Event One
Event Four
Event Six
Event Eight
Event Three
Event Five
Event Seven
Event Nine
1609 Starving time began.
1618 Headright system introduced.
1622 Chief Opechancanough led raids on settlers.
1675 Fighting erupts between settlers and Native Americans.
1607 Jamestown founded.
1612 John Rolfe developed new strain of tobacco.
1619 First Africans arrived in Virginia as slaves; House of Burgesses first met.
1624 James I made Virginia a royal colony.
1676 Bacon’s Rebellion occurs.
continued . . .

15. An English Settlement at Jamestown
S E C T I O N 2
An English Settlement at Jamestown
HOME
ASSESSMENT
2. The success of tobacco farming in Virginia had wide-ranging effects. Describe its impact on each of these groups: the Jamestown colonists, indentured servants, the Powhatan, the planters. Think About:
• the headright system and indentured servitude
• the colonists’ need for more land
• the conflict between rich and poor colonists
ANSWER
For Jamestown colonists, tobacco revived a failing colony.
For indentured servants, tobacco provided the possibility for work and new life but limited long-term prospects.
For the Powhatan, tobacco required much land, and its success led to colonial expansion, which Powhatan attacks did not deter. Planters gained most of tobacco wealth.
continued . . .

16. An English Settlement at Jamestown
S E C T I O N 2
An English Settlement at Jamestown
HOME
ASSESSMENT
3. The following lines appear in Michael Drayton’s 1606 poem, “To the Virginian Voyage”:
“ When as the luscious smell
of that delicious land
Above the sea that flows
The clear wind throws,
Your hearts to swell”
What do these lines tell you about the expectations many colonists had before they arrived in Virginia?
ANSWER
The poem suggests an idealized land, where rich harvests provided a “delicious” smell, the wind is “clear,” and invigorating but not oppressive, and where hopes and dreams are possible.
End of Section 2

17. 3 Puritan New England KEY IDEA
S E C T I O N 3
Puritan New England
HOME
KEY IDEA
English Puritans came to North America, beginning in 1620.
OVERVIEW
ASSESSMENT

18. 3 Puritan New England OVERVIEW
S E C T I O N 3
Puritan New England
HOME
OVERVIEW
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
English Puritans came to North America, beginning in 1620.
The United States continues to use an expanded form of representative government begun by the Puritans.
TERMS & NAMES
• John Winthrop
• Plymouth Colony
• Roger Williams
• Pequot War
• Massachusetts Bay Colony
• Anne Hutchinson
• King Philip’s War
• Metacom
• Separatist
• Puritans
ASSESSMENT

19. S E C T I O N 3
Puritan New England
HOME
ASSESSMENT
1. Identify the effects of each of the causes listed in the chart below.
Cause
Effect
Persecution of Puritans in England
Puritan immigration to New England
Rapid growth and success of Massachusetts Bay
Puritan belief in hard work
Williams’s dissenting beliefs
Founding of Rhode Island based on his principles
Rapid colonial expansion in New England
Conflict with Native Americans
Defeat of King Phillip
End of Native American power in Southeastern New England
continued . . .

20. S E C T I O N 3
Puritan New England
HOME
ASSESSMENT
2. Why do you think Puritan leaders viewed Anne Hutchinson as a threat to their society? Think About:
• Puritan beliefs
• characteristics of Puritan society
• Hutchinson’s teachings
ANSWER
Puritans believed that their way of worship was the only way, that their leaders carried out God’s will, and that society needed to be tightly knit and behavior strictly controlled. Puritan leaders may have felt especially threatened by Hutchinson’s views because she was a woman and the church and society were male-dominated.
continued . . .

21. S E C T I O N 3
Puritan New England
HOME
ASSESSMENT
3. What were the immediate effects of King Philip’s War for Native Americans and for the settlers?
ANSWER
Immediate effects included high casualties among colonists and the end of Native American military power in southeastern New England.
End of Section 3

22. Settlement of the Middle Colonies
S E C T I O N 4
Settlement of the Middle Colonies
MAP
GRAPH
HOME
KEY IDEA
The Dutch settle New Netherland. English Quakers, led by William Penn, settle in Pennsylvania.
OVERVIEW
ASSESSMENT

23. Settlement of the Middle Colonies
S E C T I O N 4
Settlement of the Middle Colonies
MAP
GRAPH
HOME
OVERVIEW
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
The Dutch settle New Netherland; English Quakers, led by William Penn, settle Pennsylvania.
The principles of tolerance and equality promoted in the Quaker settlement remain fundamental values in America.
TERMS & NAMES
• William Penn
• proprietor
• New Netherland
• Quakers
ASSESSMENT

24. Settlement of the Middle Colonies
S E C T I O N 4
Settlement of the Middle Colonies
MAP
GRAPH
HOME
ASSESSMENT
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Compare the colonies of New Netherland and Pennsylvania.
New Netherland only
Founded by the Dutch, built on fur trade
Pennsylvania only
Both
Attracted colonists from many ethnic groups, practiced religious toleration, became a proprietary colony, established good relations with Native Americans
Shaped by Quaker ideals, avoided a land-owning aristocracy
continued . . .

25. Settlement of the Middle Colonies
S E C T I O N 4
Settlement of the Middle Colonies
MAP
GRAPH
HOME
ASSESSMENT
2. Why was Ogelthorpe’s prohibition of slavery reversed?
ANSWER
Oglethorpe’s prohibition was reversed because the colony was not attracting settlers.
continued . . .

26. Settlement of the Middle Colonies
S E C T I O N 4
Settlement of the Middle Colonies
MAP
GRAPH
HOME
ASSESSMENT
3. Both New Netherland and Pennsylvania encouraged settlers to come from all over western Europe. Do you think this was a good decision for these colonies? Why or why not?
ANSWER
Yes: Both colonies prospered, and they both practiced religious toleration.
No: The Dutch were unable to hold New Netherland, and the Quakers—on whose principles the “holy experiment” was founded—soon became a minority.
continued . . .

27. Settlement of the Middle Colonies
S E C T I O N 4
Settlement of the Middle Colonies
MAP
GRAPH
HOME
ASSESSMENT
4. How did William Penn succeed in achieving his goals for Pennsylvania, and how did he fail? Think About:
• Penn’s actions toward Native Americans
• Penn’s plans for representative government and freedom of religion
• Quakers who owned slaves
ANSWER
Penn established freedom of religion and a representative assembly, practiced religious tolerance, and maintained peace between colonists and Native Americans for 50 years.
Penn did not profit financially, Quakers became a minority, and slavery was introduced.
End of Section 4