1. Chapter 2: Europeans Establish Colonies
Chapter 2 Section 1: Spain’s Empire in the Americas

2. https://www. khanacademy

3. *WHAT DID EACH DO FOR THE SPANISH EMPIRE?
MISSIONS (Pg. 37)
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PRESIDIOS (Pg. 35)
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SPANISH AMERICA
EXPLORERS (Pg )
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NATIVE AMERICANS (Pg. 39)
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*WHAT DID EACH DO FOR THE SPANISH EMPIRE?

4. Chapter 2 Vocabulary
Missionary
Mission
Viceroy
Northwest Passage
Charter
House of Burgesses
Royal Colony
Proprietary Colony
Puritan
Pilgrim
Mayflower Compact
Push factor
Pull factor
Separatist
Quaker
Mestizo
Joint-stock company
William Penn
John Smith
Lord Baltimore

5. People
William Penn- Quaker known for founding the colony of Pennsylania
John Smith- Capitan who wanted to make a permanent English settlement in North America
Lord Baltimore- Aristocrat who founded Maryland as a Catholic colony

6. Objectives
Explain Spanish explorers’ achievements.
Describe Spanish society in New Spain and Peru.
Evaluate the causes and effects of Spanish imperial policies in the American Southwest.

7. Terms and People
missionaries – people who work to convert others to their religion
presidio – Spanish fort located near Spanish mission
viceroy – ruler of a section of the Spanish empire in the Americas, appointed by the Spanish king
mestizo – child of mixed Spanish and Indian ancestry
mission – a location for missionary work

8. How did Spain strengthen its colonies in the Americas?
In the 1500s, Spain gained control of lands rich in gold and silver in the Caribbean and North and South America.
Soon other European nations fought for territory to build colonies in the Americas.

9. Europeans Explore the Americas, 1497–1682

10. Divisions among European nations caused conflict.
Wealth
Religion
Using the wealth from its colonies, Spain developed a strong military.
The Dutch, French, and English explored for riches
Religious differences between Catholic and Protestants split Europe.
South Europe: Catholic
North Europe & England: Protestant.

11. To protect colonies, Spain organized its territory in the Americas into 2 sections.
New Spain: Present- day Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean
Peru: All of present- day South America except for Brazil

12. The Spanish king appointed viceroys to rule New Spain and Peru.
Spain didn’t allow elected assemblies in their colonies. Only leaders appointed by the King.

13. Spain also sent conquistadors in the 1500s to North America to claim land.

14. HERNAN CORTES

16. The Spanish built a fort at San Luis, the western capital of the Spanish colonies in Florida.
St. Augustine: Founded in 1565, the oldest European settlement in the Americas

17. Spaniards and other Europeans Enslaved Africans and Indians
To control the people in the colonies, the Spaniards developed a castas system, separating people into social classes.
The main social levels were:
Viceroy and nobility
Spaniards and other Europeans
Enslaved Africans and Indians

18. Characteristics of a Spanish Colony
Catholic friars established missions in each colony.
Spanish soldiers built forts near missions.
The friars made Indians become Catholics and prevented them from worshipping their own Gods.
Indians had to work for the friars and Spanish settlers, build churches, and adopt Spanish ways.

19. Conditions between the Spanish and the Indians got worse in the 1600s.
Friars used Spanish soldiers to scare the Indians into adopting Spanish ways.
Many Indians died from diseases they got from the Spanish.

20. The Pueblo revolted against the Spanish and destroyed missions, farms, and ranches.
Spanish settlers and missionaries fled to the southern section of present-day New Mexico.
A Pueblo leader, Popé, led the revolt.

21. Popé was a Pueblo spiritual leader in New Mexico.
He was whipped by Spanish for telling people to keep their ways. Convinced Apaches to join him in revolt. In 1680, they defeated the Spanish. For 12 years, Popé governed the Pueblo.

22. Within 3 years after Popé’s death, the Spanish reclaimed New Mexico.
The bloody conflict between the Pueblo and Spanish taught each side to compromise.

23. Section 2.1 Assessment
What were some problems/issues in Europe during the 1500s? (Pg )
How did Spain keep control of its colonies in the Americas? (Pg )
What was the purpose of a missionary? (Pg. 35)
Why did the Pueblos revolt against the Spanish? (Pg. 39)

24. Religious divisions between Catholics and Protestants; corruption; divisions of wealth
With the use of viceroys appointed by the King
It served as a place to convert Native Americans to Christianity
They were fed up with their rule