World War II Unit 7 Lesson 1 10.8 Students analyze the causes and consequences of World War II. 1. Compare the German, Italian, and Japanese drives for empire in the 1930s, including the 1937 Rape of Nanking, other atrocities in China, and the Stalin-Hitler Pact of 1939. 2. Understand the role of appeasement, nonintervention (isolationism), and the domestic distractions in Europe and the United States prior to the outbreak of World War II.

What you will learn Anschluss Sudetenland Appeasement Pacifism How Europe mishandled Hitler. Axis powers Nazi-Soviet Pact

The Treaty of Versailles Weimar Republic Depression High unemployment Inflation Reparations

Friedrich Ebert: First President of the Weimar Republic

The German Mark

The German Mark

Mein Kampf [My Struggle]

Adolf Hitler Born in Austria in 1889 Failed artist Worked for the Weimar Rep. sent to spy on a group called the National Socialists German Workers party ( NAZI) Tried to lead a revolt in 1923 Mein Kampf (my Struggle)

NAZI gain power 1928 to 1932 NAZI gain power by being voted into the German Legislature Pres. Von Hindenburg asks Hitler to become his Chancellor Hindenburg dies and Hitler appoints himself President and Chancellor He rounds up any rivals to the NAZI

Hitler violates the Treaty of Versailles Hitler test LofN built up German military 1936 sent troops in the dmz near France Western nations did not denounce Hitler They APPEASED him. adopted an appeasement policy

Rome-Berlin Axis, 1939 The “Pact of Steel”

Austria and Sudetenland 1938 Nazi propaganda worked in Austria Hitler started the Anschluss or reunification of Austria and Germany Hitler turned to Czechoslovakia 3 million Germans in the Sudetenland be independent Sept. 1938 The Sudetenland annexed

Hitler on the attack Austria annexed: Anschluss – union of Austria and Germany. Germany takes over Austria and violates the Treaty of Versailles Czech Crisis – Hitler Takes over the Sudetenland Munich Conference – French and British leaders give over the area Sudetenland in Czech. Hitler promises never to expand German Territory

Munich Conference 1938 Prime Minister Chamberlain -GB Hitler gets to keep the Sudetenland and Austria as long as he promises to stop there

Why Appeasement? France was demoralized, could not take on Hitler Britain did not want to confront Hitler Some thought the Treaty of Versailles was too hard on Germany Others thought fascism was better than the spread of communism Most opposed war

Appeasement: The Munich Agreement, 1938 British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain Now we have “peace in our time!” Herr Hitler is a man we can do business with.

Nazi Soviet Pact August 1939 nonaggression pact with Stalin Called the Nazi-Soviet Pact Promised to be peaceful Privately agreed to divide Poland if they went to war Promised to not fight each other Sept. 1 1939 Germany invades Poland

Appeasement fails to work In 1939 takes over the rest of Czechoslovakia F and GB promise to protect Poland Nazi-Soviet Pact- Promise not to attack each other if war breaks out. Both would divide up eastern Europe.

POLAND INVADED Germany attacks Poland Sept. 1 1939. Germany takes over Poland. G.B. and F declare war on Germany. WWII begins

WHAT ABOUT ITALY AND JAPAN?

Italy’s Path to War Overview Benito Mussolini Fascism Militarism put people to work building weapons Attacked Ethiopia –

Benito Mussolini Fascism Militarism put people to work building weapons Attacked Ethiopia

IMPACT: ITALY AND GERMANY GET BOLD 1930S Mussolini and Hitler took note Mussolini: invaded Ethiopia in 1935 Ethiopian King Haile Selassie asked LofN for help League voted sanctions on Italy did not stop Mussolini

Italy Invades Ethiopia Italy was defeated by Ethiopia in 1896 1935 Italy attacks Ethiopia again King Haile Selassie appeals to the League of Nations – applies sanctions against Italy – basically does nothing –

Japan’s Path to War: An Overview Imperialist Created a dictatorship lead by military leadership Manchurian Incident – Japan needed war supplies, a Japanese RxR is exploded and blamed on the Chinese. Take over Manchuria. League of Nations condemn aggression. Japan withdrawals for L of N. Rape of Nanking Made an alliance with Germany and Italy called the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis

Japanese Aggression Japan’s goal: have an empire = to Western powers Action: invaded Manchuria in 1931 Significant: proved the LofN was WEAK Action: 1937 Japan invade China starting Second Sino-Japanese war Sig: West could do NOTHING!!

The Japanese Invasion of China, 1937

Axis Powers Germany, Italy and Japan formed the Berlin-Rome-Tokyo Axis AKA Axis Powers Three agreed to fight Soviet communism