Chapters 22 and 23 3 rd conjugation – future tense Formation of Adverbs Ablative of Accompaniment.

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Chapters 22 and 23 3 rd conjugation – future tense Formation of Adverbs Ablative of Accompaniment

Learning Targets Gain awareness and understanding of the future tense for 3 rd conjugation 3 rd and 4 th conjugation verbs have a different pattern from 1 st and 2 nd conjugation Learn how adverbs are formed in Latin. Understand how the ablative of accompaniment differs from the ablative of means, as well as how to use the ablative of accompaniment.

Future Tense in 1 st and 2 nd Conjugation How is future tense shown in 1 st and 2 nd conjugation? What is the ‘sign’ that is added to the stem of a word?

Future Tense in 3 rd Conjugation In 3 rd conjugation, the –bi- tense sign is NOT used. The sign for future tense in the 3 rd conjugation is ē in place of the stem vowel. Exceptions 1 st person singular uses (short) a and ends with m (-am) 3 rd person (sing. and plural) have a SHORT e as the ‘sign’

3 rd Conjugation - Future ponamponēmus ponēsponētis ponetponent N.B (note bene – ‘good note’) Be CAREFUL – it can be easy to confuse the future tense of the 3 rd conjugation with the present tense of 2 nd conjugation – they look a lot alike. You MUST know to which conjugation a verb belongs. Present tense (for comparison) Pono ponimus Ponis ponitis ponit ponunt

3 rd conjugation – future ponamponēmus ponēsponētis ponetponent Compare to Present Tense of 2 nd conjugation Doceōdocēmus Docēs docētis Docetdecent

Latin Notebook – 22 and 23 Make your notebook pages with vocabulary section and grammar notes KNOW your vocabulary words WELL!!!!! Add words to your “Words I Need to Study List” Make Flashcards and USE THEM Create a “Grammar Concepts I Need to Know” List – build questions from this list!

Adjectives Are used to modify ___________? What is the adjective rule in Latin? Adverbs Are used to modify ___________?

Chapter 23 – Forming Adverbs Adverbs are formed from 1 st and 2 nd declension adjectives by adding ē to the base. How would you get the base of an adjective? clarus, clara, clarum clarē liber, libera, liberum liberē pulcher, pulchra, pulchrē pulchrum

Review - Ablative of Means Ablative of Means – Is used to show what you use to accomplish something Litteris victoriam nuntiant. By means of letter, by letter, or with letter Armis pugnaverunt. With arms, by means of arms Does one form (by, by means of, or with) ‘fit’ one sentence better than another?

Accompaniment What does accompaniment mean? She went to the audition, accompanied by her mother. He traveled to Britain, accompanied by his older brother.

Ablative of Accompaniment When you want to express the idea of accompaniment (someone doing something along with you), you use the ablative case for the noun which is accompanying, along with the preposition ‘cum’ Cum servis pugnat – he is fighting with the slaves. This use of the ablative of accompaniment ALWAYS involves a person!

Vocabulary-22 Dea, -ae (f) goddess Deus, -i (m) god Otium, oti (n) leisure, peace Studium, -i (n) eagerness,interest; pl.= studies Commodus, -a, -um suitable, convenient Varius, -a, -umchanging, various Dico, dicere, dixi, dictussay, tell (sing. imper. Is irregular – dic Fugio, fugere, fugi, fugiturusflee, run away Valeo, valēre, valui, valiturusbe strong or well Itaso

Vocabulary – Ch. 23 Firmus, -a, -umstrong, firm Perpetuus, -a, -um constant Afficio, afficere, affeci, affectus affect, afflict with Gero, gerere, gessi, gestus carry on, wage Incipio, incipere, incēpi, inceptus – take on, begin Cum (+ abl) with