1. Agenda diēs Martis, a.d. vii Kal. Oct. A.D. MMXVIII
HW Check: worksheet 8
Do Now: review worksheet
Present Active Imperatives
Review Worksheet 8 (Prepositions & Place Constructions)
Perfect Tense of 1st/2nd Conjugative Verbs & Sum
Dative of Indirect Object
Pensum:
Worksheet 9
Keep studying vocab. list #3
Latin MS8
Mr. Finnigan
Boston Latin School

2. Forming & Translating the Imperative Mood
expresses a direct command (i.e. “Do your homework!”)
Forming:
find the present stem (2nd PP, drop –re)
add nothing to form the SG (= same as pres. stem)
[used when commanding one person]
add –te to form the PL
[used when commanding more than one person]
Translating:
_______________!

3. Forming the Imperative Mood - Practice
Practice forming the imperative mood of the following:
pugnō, pugnāre, pugnāvī, pugnātus: to fight
habeō, habēre, habuī, habitus: to have SG PL
2nd

4. Prepositions

5. Prepositions
Prepositions (P) are words placed before nouns or pronouns to show their relation to the sentence
The noun or pronoun after the P is called the object of the preposition (OOP)
P + OOP = Prepositional Phrase (PP)
Other items (adjectives, nouns in other cases) can be contained within the PP

6. Prepositions OOPs can be in either the ACC. or the ABL. case
different P take OOP in different cases; you must memorize which preps. take which case when you learn the dictionary entry of the prep.
P + Accusative: express idea of motion toward, through, into, around
P + Ablative: express one of three uses of the abl. –
separation/origin
location
instrument/accompaniment

7. The House of Prepositions (Draw this into Notes)

8. Ablative of Place Where
PLACE WHERE: the place where the verb is being or happening
location on or location in is shown with this construction
the preposition in + an abl. case noun
In silvā est.
Agricolae in īnsulā pugnant.

9. Ablative of Place from Which
another use of the ablative case is place from which (PFW)
P ā/ab, ē/ex, and dē are used to indicate the idea of PFW
PFW = the point from which motion takes place
Volō dē caelō. = I am flying down from the sky .

10. Accusative of Place to Which

11. Accusative of Place to Which (PTW)
another use of the accusative case is place to which
P ad, in, and sub are used to indicate the idea of PTW
PTW = the goal/end toward which the action of the verb is directed
Volō in caelum. = I am flying into the sky.

12. The Principal Parts of a Latin Verb

13. Principal Parts - Review
most Latin verbs have 4 principal parts (some have 3)
these are the 3 or 4 most essential forms of any verb
tell you everything you need to identify, form, and translate any form of a Latin verb
think of these as the ‘building blocks’ of Latin verbs

14. oppugnō oppugnāre 1st & 2nd Principal Parts 1st PP 2nd PP
1st SG Present Active Indicative
“I _________”
present active infinitive
vowel next to –re tells you verb’s conjugation
find present stem by dropping –re
“to _________”

15. oppugnāvī oppugnātus 3rd & 4th Principal Parts 3rd PP 4th PP
1st SG Perfect Active Indicative
“I have _________ed”
find perfect stem by dropping –ī
perfect passive participle (when ends in –us in dict. entry)
“having been _______ed”
[supine (when ends in –um in dict. entry)]

16. The Perfect Tense

17. Basics of the Perfect Tense
Perfect tense is another of Latin’s past tenses
different from impf. in that you can nail it down on a timeline (actions have a clear end point)
Perfect tense expresses completed action in past time
Can be translated 3 ways in English:
has/have ___________ed (present perfect)
___________ed (simple past)
did _____________ (emphatic past)

18. The Perfect Tense – Formation
How to form?
perfect stem + perfect active personal endings
Finding the perfect stem:
Go to the 3rd PP
Take off the –ī
E.G.:
vocō, vocāre, vocāvī, vocātum: to call
Perfect Stem = vocāv–

19. The Perfect Tense – Formation
How to form?
perfect stem + perfect active personal endings
Add the perfect active personal endings:
Perf. is the only tense that has its own set of personal endings
These are diff. from the personal endings we know
BUT, some of them still follow the same pattern SG PL
1st
2nd
3rd

20. The Perfect Tense – Formation
How to form?
perfect stem + perfect active personal endings
Add the perfect active personal endings:
Perf. is the only tense that has its own set of personal endings
These are diff. from the personal endings we know
BUT, some of them still follow the same pattern SG PL
1st –ī
2nd
3rd

21. The Perfect Tense – Formation
How to form?
perfect stem + perfect active personal endings
Add the perfect active personal endings:
Perf. is the only tense that has its own set of personal endings
These are diff. from the personal endings we know
BUT, some of them still follow the same pattern SG PL
1st –ī
2nd
–isti
3rd

22. The Perfect Tense – Formation
How to form?
perfect stem + perfect active personal endings
Add the perfect active personal endings:
Perf. is the only tense that has its own set of personal endings
These are diff. from the personal endings we know
BUT, some of them still follow the same pattern SG PL
1st –ī
2nd
–isti
3rd
–it

23. The Perfect Tense – Formation
How to form?
perfect stem + perfect active personal endings
Add the perfect active personal endings:
Perf. is the only tense that has its own set of personal endings
These are diff. from the personal endings we know
BUT, some of them still follow the same pattern SG PL
1st –ī
–imus
2nd
–isti
3rd
–it

24. The Perfect Tense – Formation
How to form?
perfect stem + perfect active personal endings
Add the perfect active personal endings:
Perf. is the only tense that has its own set of personal endings
These are diff. from the personal endings we know
BUT, some of them still follow the same pattern SG PL
1st –ī
–imus
2nd
–isti
–istis
3rd
–it

25. The Perfect Tense – Formation
How to form?
perfect stem + perfect active personal endings
Add the perfect active personal endings:
Perf. is the only tense that has its own set of personal endings
These are diff. from the personal endings we know
BUT, some of them still follow the same pattern SG PL
1st –ī
–imus
2nd
–isti
–istis
3rd
–it
–ērunt

26. The Perfect Tense – Formation
So…
perfect stem + perfect active personal endings
3rd PP – -ī + SG PL
1st –ī
–imus
2nd
–isti
–istis
3rd
–it
–ērunt

27. Morphology Practice 1st 2nd 3rd SG PL
nāvigō, nāvigāre, nāvigāvī, nāvigātus: to
Perf. Stem: ______________ SG PL
1st
2nd
3rd

28. Morphology Practice 1st 2nd 3rd SG PL
nāvigō, nāvigāre, nāvigāvī, nāvigātus: to
Perf. Stem: nāvigāv– SG PL
1st
2nd
3rd

29. Morphology Practice 1st 2nd 3rd SG PL nāvigāvī nāvigāvimus nāvigāvisti
nāvigō, nāvigāre, nāvigāvī, nāvigātus: to
Perf. Stem: nāvigāv– SG PL
1st
nāvigāvī
nāvigāvimus
2nd
nāvigāvisti
nāvigāvistis
3rd
nāvigāvit
nāvigāvērunt

30. Perfect Tense of Sum, Esse

31. Perfect of Sum, Esse SG PL 1st 2nd 3rd formed regularly
sum, esse, fuī, futūrus: to be SG PL
1st
2nd
3rd

32. Perfect of Sum, Esse fu SG PL 1st 2nd 3rd formed regularly
sum, esse, fuī, futūrus: to be SG PL
1st fu
2nd
3rd

33. Perfect of Sum, Esse fuī fu SG PL 1st 2nd 3rd formed regularly
sum, esse, fuī, futūrus: to be SG PL
1st
fuī fu
2nd
3rd

34. Perfect of Sum, Esse fuī fu fuistī SG PL 1st 2nd 3rd formed regularly
sum, esse, fuī, futūrus: to be SG PL
1st
fuī fu
2nd
fuistī
3rd

35. Perfect of Sum, Esse fuī fu fuistī fuit SG PL 1st 2nd 3rd
formed regularly
sum, esse, fuī, futūrus: to be SG PL
1st
fuī fu
2nd
fuistī
3rd
fuit

36. Perfect of Sum, Esse fuī fuimus fuistī fu fuit SG PL 1st 2nd 3rd
formed regularly
sum, esse, fuī, futūrus: to be SG PL
1st
fuī
fuimus
2nd
fuistī fu
3rd
fuit

37. Perfect of Sum, Esse fuī fuimus fuistī fuistis fuit fu SG PL 1st 2nd
formed regularly
sum, esse, fuī, futūrus: to be SG PL
1st
fuī
fuimus
2nd
fuistī
fuistis
3rd
fuit fu

38. Perfect of Sum, Esse fuī fuimus fuistī fuistis fuit fuērunt SG PL 1st
formed regularly
sum, esse, fuī, futūrus: to be SG PL
1st
fuī
fuimus
2nd
fuistī
fuistis
3rd
fuit
fuērunt

39. Perfect of Sum, Esse fuī fuimus fuistī fuistis fuit fuērunt SG PL 1st
formed regularly
sum, esse, fuī, futūrus: to be SG PL
1st
fuī
I was/I have been
fuimus
we were/we have been
2nd
fuistī
you were/you have been
fuistis
you (pl.) were/you (pl.) have been
3rd
fuit
he/she/it was/
he/she/it has been
fuērunt
they were/they have been

40. The Perfect Tense Song Sing to the tune of “The Addams Family” theme song
For action that’s completed
And not the kind repeated
The way it must be treated
Is with the perfect tense
(repeat)
–––
"–ī" "–isti" "–it" (snap, snap)
That’s how you start (snap, snap)
"–imus" for "we"
"–istis" "–ērunt"
For the plural part (snap, snap)

41. The Dative Case: Dative of Indirect Object

42. The Dative Case – Indirect Object
the indirect object is shown through a noun in the dative case
indirect object: the person or thing to or for whom/which something is said, given, shown, or done
translate using to or for
after verbs of giving, showing, saying, or telling, e.g.:
to give: dō, dare, dedī, datus
to show: monstrō, monstrāre, monstrāvī, monstrātus
to say: dicō, dicere, dīxī, dictus
to tell: nārrō, nārrāre, nārrāvī, nārrātus

43. Dative of Indirect Object
In English, we usually omit the preposition to or for
I will give good students good grades.
I will give good grades to good students.
I.O. usually comes before the D.O. in Latin
can be translated before or after the D.O.
e.g.:
Fīliae meae fabūlam dē bellō nārrābō.
I will tell my daughter a story about the war.
I will tell a story about the war to my daughter.

44. Dative of Indirect Object
N.B.: do not confuse the dative of I.O. with the accusative of PTW
acc. of PTW requires a verb of motion
dat. of I.O. comes after verbs of giving, showing, saying, or telling
Dōnum puellae dabō.
Aquam ad puellam portābō.

45. Dative of Indirect Object – Practice
Identify the D.O. and I.O., then translate:
Nauta puerō aquam dat.
Equīs frūmentum dabāmus.
Fīliō bonō dōna multa dabunt.
Agricolae fēminae fabūlam nārrant.