Civil Rights Movement Philosophical Leaders: MLK Jr., Malcolm X, and the Black Panthers

Non-violence or Arms? ize/resources/vid/11_video_noi_qt.html ize/resources/vid/11_video_noi_qt.html This video goes back and forth between MLK Jr. and Malcolm X

Think about the following as you watch… What did MLK Jr. believe was the best way to obtain civil rights? What criticisms does Malcolm X voice of MLK's methods? What is the difference between non-resistance and non-violent resistance? Does the Christian idea of 'loving one's oppressor' undermine the goals of the CRM? Do you believe the moral appeal to the conscience of white America is effective?

Martin Luther King Jr. African American clergyman and civil rights activists Led Montgomery boycott and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference Emphasized non-violent methods, the struggle to end poverty, and was against the war in Vietnam Won a Nobel Peace prize Assassinated on April 4 th, 1968

Malcolm X x#origins-of-black-history-month x#origins-of-black-history-month OY OY Q Q Human rights activist Member of the Nation of Islam, later became a Sunni Muslim Was assassinated in February of 1965

Malcolm X Do you find Malcolm X's aim to arm blacks a practical solution? Do you think the Civil Rights Movement created victims rather than agents of change?

The Black Panthers e/resources/vid/17_video_panthers_qt.html e/resources/vid/17_video_panthers_qt.html What were the goals of the Black Panther Party? Were these goals similar or different to those described by MLK and Malcolm X? Is the 10 Point Plan described in the video more comprehensive than the goals of the mainline civil rights movement? Were they practical?

10 Point Program 1. Freedom 2. Full employment 3. End to white businesses operating in Black neighborhoods 4. Decent housing 5. Relevant education 6. Exemption from military service 7. End to police brutality 8. Release Black prisoners 9. Jury of their peers 10. Black only vote to determine their future

Where did the Black Power movement come from? High level of Black dissatisfaction – With status in America – And status of the Civil Rights Movement White reaction to CRM became more violent – Higher levels of violence in North and South Many felt the moral appeal wasn’t working

The Black Power Movement Was a call for Black social, political and economic control of themselves Reflected a more militant attitude held by younger Blacks Began programs, some of which still exist today- for example, free breakfast for students