1. 1954 - 1968

2.   NAACP – worked toward full legal equality for all Americans.  National Urban League – focused on economic equality.  CORE – pursued change through peaceful confrontation.  SCLC – founded by Martin Luther King Jr. and others, “…nonviolent resistance transforms weakness into strength…”Martin Luther King Jr.  SNCC – break-away group of SCLC mostly made up of student / youth activists.  See Table p. 834 29.1 – Leaders & Strategies

3.   Sit-ins: protestors “sit” in segregated places and refuse to leave.  Freedom Riders: test desegregated interstate buses. Met with violence and arrest, but gained public and federal support. See map p. 828 Freedom Riders  Clash in Birmingham: boycotts of local stores and protest marches lead o the arrest of MLK. (Letter from the Birmingham Jail) Clash in Birmingham  Local officials turn to violence to break up protest marches.  Public outcry leads to desegregation of city facilities and fairer hiring laws. 29.2 – The Struggle Intensifies

4.   Kennedy on Civil Rights – pushed for Civil Rights bill that didn’t pass.  March on Washington March on Washington  Johnson on Civil Rights – Fulfilled JFK’s Civil Rights work  The Civil Rights Act (1964)  Banned segregated voter laws  Banned discrimination in public facilities  Banned job discrimination based on race, sex, religion or nation  Created the EEOC to investigate job discrimination  Selma March – met with violence but gained public and Federal support. Selma March  Voting Rights Act (1965) – Federal officials will register voters where local officials would not. 29.3 – The Political Response

5.   James Baldwin – Writer of the African American experience.  Notes of a Native Son Notes of a Native Son  Malcolm X –Believed in a more militant approach to Black Nationalism. Assassinated by members of the Nation of Islam.  Black Power Movement – SNCC becomes more militant / “Black only.” Gives rise to the Black Panthers.  Militant groups call for stronger tactics and give voice to the growing rage from de facto segregation.  Riots in N.Y., N.J., and L.A. cause death and destruction. 29.4 – The Challenge of Black Power

6.   De Facto Segregation?  Current situation with police brutality against Black Americans  Public outcry and protest  The legacy of Barak Obama  What can we do to promote One America? Where Are We Today?