Tudor Dynasty Tudor Dynasty began with Henry VII. –Won the War of the Roses. Son, Henry VIII broke with the Catholic Church and started the Anglican Church. Married to: –Katherine of Aragon (divorced), mother of Mary I. –Anne Boleyn (executed), mother of Elizabeth. –Jane Seymour (died), mother of Edward VI. –Anne of Cleves (marriage anulled). –Catherine Howard (executed). –Catherine Parr (outlived Henry VIII).

Henry VII

Henry VIII

Anne BoleynKatherine of Aragon

Jane SeymourAnne of Cleves

Catherine Howard Catherine Parr

Henry VIII died, and son Edward VI ruled for a few years, but died of illness. Henry VIII’s oldest daughter became Queen Mary I. –Known as Bloody Mary. Mary was Catholic, and tried to re-convert Protestant England. –Executed over 300 Anglican leaders, but failed to bring back Catholicism. Died in 1558.

Mary I (Bloody Mary)

Henry VIII’s second daughter became Queen Elizabeth I. Protestant, but did not harass Catholics. Great queen and beloved by her people. Led the Renaissance in England; called the Elizabethan Age. Never married, no kids. –“I am married to England.” Ruled 43 years.

Elizabeth I

Phillip II v. Elizabeth I “The Spanish Armada”

Elizabeth’s closest relative was Mary, Queen of Scots. Mary was Catholic. –Was kicked off her throne in Scotland, and fled to England. –Elizabeth held her prisoner. –Mary plotted to overthrow Elizabeth, so Elizabeth was forced to execute her.

Mary, Queen of Scots

Stuart Dynasty When Elizabeth died, Mary Queen of Scots’ son became King James I. –Start of the Stuart Dynasty. Best known for authorizing the King James Bible. Not a popular ruler.

James I

James I died, and his son became King Charles I. Tried hard to become an absolute monarch. Dismissed Parliament. Tried to force Anglican Church on non- Anglicans in England, Scotland, Ireland. –Led to huge rebellion in Scotland. Charles I was defeated twice. –Forced to recall Parliament.

Charles I

Charles I was hated. –Led to a division of the people. Cavaliers, or Royalists, supported king. Roundheads, or Puritans, opposed king. –Led by Oliver Cromwell. English Civil War broke out. –Puritans under Cromwell won. –Charles I arrested and executed. Cromwell ended monarchy, and declared England a commonwealth (republic).

Oliver Cromwell

Cromwell was unpopular. –Died, and son took over. –Parliament invited Charles I’s son to return from exile and become King Charles II. –Called the Restoration. Charles II was a popular ruler. (“The Merry Monarch”) Had no children. Died, his brother James II became king.

Charles II

James II

James II was Catholic. –Half of Parliament (Tories) supported James. –Half of Parliament (Whigs) opposed him. James II wanted total power. –Parliament united in opposition. Parliament invited James II’s daughter Mary and her husband William to take the throne. –James II was forced to step down. King William III and Queen Mary II. –Called the Glorious Revolution.

King William III

Queen Mary II

William and Mary

William and Mary signed the English Bill of Rights. –Created a Constitutional Monarchy. Monarchs and people ruled together. Gave up many powers that earlier monarchs had. –Monarch could not make or abolish laws, and had to follow laws. –Protected the rights of citizens. William and Mary also signed the Act of Union. –United England and Scotland into one country. –United Kingdom.

Act of Union

+ + = Cross of St. George Flag of Scotland Flag of Wales Flag of United Kingdom

When William and Mary died, Mary’s sister became Queen Anne. Anne was popular, but not a great ruler. –Did not do much. Anne died with no heirs. James I’s great-grandson became King George I. –Start of Hanoverian Dynasty. German, not English.

Queen Anne

Hanoverians were unpopular rulers. George I spoke only German, and was very stiff and formal. George II was also very formal, and died on the toilet. George III lost the American colonies and suffered from madness. George IV was only interested in drinking and gambling. William IV was a good ruler and reformed the government and labor laws. –When he died, Victoria became Queen.

George I

George II

George III

George IV

William IV

Parliament Current Queen Elizabeth II Addressing Parliament

Tudor Henry VII – Margaret | ArthurMargaret Henry VIII – Katherine – Mary I | - Anne – Elizabeth I _________________| - Jane – Edward VI | - Anne Marie - Catherine | - Catherine Mary, Queen of Scots | |Edward VIMary IElizabeth I | James I Stuart || |Charles I |ENGLISH CIVIL WAR | | | ElizabethCharles II | \ |James II | | SophiaWilliam III & Mary II |\ |Anne

| \ SophiaAnne | George I Hanover | George II | George III | George IV \ William IV | Victoria – Albert Saxe-Coburg-Gotha | Edward VII | George V Windsor (WWII)| George VI Edward VIII (abdicated) – Wallis Simpson | Elizabeth II Charles III or William V?