The Civil Rights Movement Chapter 21

Past Discrimination Slavery Jim Crow Laws = racial segregation (1870s – 1880s – Post Reconstruction) Plessy v. Ferguson = “separate but equal” doctrine (1896) Racial Etiquette – belittled & humilated (1870s – 1950s) NNever shake hands YYield sidewalk to whites RRemove hats when talking to whites Violence LLynched, shot or burned w/o trial

Movement Shapes During & After WWII New job opps. ‘cuz labor short. in war industries New job opps. ‘cuz labor short. in war industries  FDR prohibited discrim. engaged in war indust A.A. soldiers use war spirit to fight for own rights A.A. soldiers use war spirit to fight for own rights  Organize activities in local churches *** Desegregation of military – 1945 Desegregation of military – 1945 Jackie Robinson – 1 st A.A. MLB Player Jackie Robinson – 1 st A.A. MLB Player

Brown Starts the Movement Montgomery Bus Boycott Montgomery Bus Boycott  Rosa Parks refused to give up seat in colored section of bus to white man NAACP organized bus boycott & elected Pastor MLK, Jr. to lead – Dec NAACP organized bus boycott & elected Pastor MLK, Jr. to lead – Dec Lasted 381 days Lasted 381 days Outcome: S.C. banned bus segregation Outcome: S.C. banned bus segregation

MLK: “Soul Force” Leader Tactic: Nonviolent resistance Tactic: Nonviolent resistance  Peaceful refusal to obey unjust laws Based on teaching of Gandhi, Jesus & Henry David Thoreau Based on teaching of Gandhi, Jesus & Henry David Thoreau Formed Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) – 1957 Formed Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) – 1957  Protests & demonstrations in South to activate movement

States: Mixed Reaction to Brown Some expected to end segreg. w/o trouble Some expected to end segreg. w/o trouble Some “total resistance” Some “total resistance”  “a flagrant abuse of judicial power [by Supreme Court]” - Gov. of Georgia KKK re-emerged KKK re-emerged Pres. Eisenhower refused to enforce Brown decision – 1955 Pres. Eisenhower refused to enforce Brown decision – 1955  Claimed it was a states right issue

1955 – Emmett Till 1955 – Emmett Till  14 yr old. Chicago boy viciously beaten & murdered in XXX after being accused of a white woman in a grocery mart 1957 – Little Rock – Little Rock – Ruby Bridges 1960 – Ruby Bridges  White angry crowd threw tomatoes & eggs as she walked to integrate school; Outcome: armed marshals had to escort her SCLC & MLK – violence will not detract them from nonviolent tactics SCLC & MLK – violence will not detract them from nonviolent tactics Violent Reaction to Brown

Little Rock Arkansas gov. refused to enforce seg. Arkansas gov. refused to enforce seg.  Ordered Nat. Guard to prevent 9 A.A. students (volunteered to integrate Central H.S.) from entering odolEmUg2g

Cont. Nation watched on t.v. Nation watched on t.v. Eisenhower forced to act Eisenhower forced to act  “States can’t ignore S.C. rulings at will”  Sent in 101 st Airborne Division  Fed. troops escorted “the 9” to classes Civil Rights Act of 1957 Civil Rights Act of 1957  Fed. gov. has power over school deseg. & A.A. voting rights

SUMMARIZE & Highlight Recap what you have learned about the beginning and early events of the Civil Rights Movement Recap what you have learned about the beginning and early events of the Civil Rights Movement Highlight slide titles, key terms, key people, key events, outcomes, etc. Highlight slide titles, key terms, key people, key events, outcomes, etc.