2. Civil Rights Heats Up Brown v. Board of Education 1954 –Ruled that schools should be racially integrated Rosa Parks 1955 –Montgomery Bus Boycott Troops sent to Little Rock, Ark.

3. Plessy v. Ferguson Louisiana had a law requiring separate R.R. cars. Adolph Plessy was 1/8 black and refused to ride in a colored car Supreme Court: this law did not violate the 14 th Amendment Upheld separate but equal.

4. Jim Crow Laws Laws aimed at separating the races States could not discriminate but individuals could do so privately Literacy, property requirements, and poll taxes held AA down.

5. African Americans go North Events of WWII set the stage for the Civil Rights Movement –Demand for soldiers –700,000 AA served in WWII. –Returned from war to fight for their rights

6. Challenging Segregation in Court Charles Houston: Howard U. prof that trained AA law students –Focus on attacking public schools Thurgood Marshall: NAACP lawyer that lead the charge –Would become the 1 st AA Supreme Court Judge

7. Brown v. Board of Education Landmark case for African Americans 9 year old AA girl was forced to travel 21 blocks from her house to an all AA school Went to the Supreme Court –Ruled that segregation was unconstitutional

8. Resistance to School Integration Highly populated AA areas, segregation was still supported –Whites were scared of losing control –KKK –“Southern Manifesto” Denounced the “Brown” decision and called on states to resist

9. Crisis in Little Rock Racist school board and Governor “Little Rock 9” –AA students that were to be the first to go to Little Rock Cent. HS Ike ordered the U.S. military to escort the students in –Broadcasted over t.v.

10. Montgomery Bus Boycott Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white man –Arrested 381 days, AA refused to ride the buses in Montgomery –Lead by Dr. King 1956, the S.C. outlawed bus segregation.

11. Dr. Martin Luther King Dr. King’s philosophy –“Soul Force” or nonviolent resistance –Civil disobedience –Demonstrations –Adherence to nonviolence

12. SNCC and Sit-ins Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) Sit-ins: AA protestors would sit down at a segregated lunch counter and not leave until they were served. Spread form N. – S.