1. Civil Rights Movement Pt 1
Start of the Movement

2. Civil Rights
Civil rights: rights in the Constitution; deserved by all people

3. 14th Amendment-
14th Amendment- says all citizens should receive equal protection under the law
Passed after Civil War
“Equal protection” not a clear term to many people- so not everyone was treated equally

4. Segregation- separation, based on race
Desegregation- stop the separation, unite all races = INTEGRATION

5. Post Civil War
Jim Crow laws- required segregation in public

6. Plessy v Ferguson made segregation legal- “separate but equal”
Facilities were separate, but not equal

15. Goal to challenge segregation in courts- through litigation (lawsuits)
NAACP founded to support black Americans in (W.E.B. Dubois & Ida B. Wells)
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Goal to challenge segregation in courts- through litigation (lawsuits)

17. Emmett Till
Emmett Till- 14 year old black boy; from Chicago; killed in 1955 while visiting Mississippi
Reportedly spoke to a white woman; was kidnapped, beaten, and shot
Murderers were acquitted (not guilty), then admitted to it
Sparked outcry; people wanted change
I was going to put in a pic of him in death but IT’S TOO MUCH

18. Small Steps
Fair Employment Act- passed by FDR during WWII to prevent discrimination in hiring; didn’t work

19. Exec. Order 9981-
Truman; desegregated armed forces (military); 1948

20. Civil Rights Act of 1957-
passed by Eisenhower
supposed to protect voting rights for African Americans
Didn’t do much to stop people from preventing blacks from voting
1st civil rights bill since Reconstruction

21. NAACP Founded Early Civil Rights 14th Amendment- equal citizens
Executive Order Desegregation of military
Civil Rights Act of 1957

22. Truman ordered the armed forces desegregated as a result of the exemplary performance of several minority fighting units in World War II. What were two of these?

23. Bigger Steps- Supreme Court Cases
Several court cases (litigation) to reduce segregation and discrimination
Sweatt v Painter (1950)- said UT’s segregated law school was unconstitutional b/c not equal

24. Brown v Board of Education (1954)- outlawed segregation in public schools
Linda Brown had to walk further to get to black school than the white school close to her house
Reversed Plessy, saying separate means unequal
Based on the 14th amendment- focusing on the “equal protection” clause

25. Thurgood Marshall was lead counsel/attorney
Later became first black Supreme Court Justice

26. Decision met with resistance; by 1965, 75% of southern schools still segregated

27. Brown v. Board of Education
Plessy v. Ferguson
-Separate but equal
-Segregation legal
Brown v. Board of Education
-Separate is UNequal
-Outlawed segregation in public schools

28. What was the effect of Brown v. Board of Education?

29. Little Rock Nine event that challenged Brown v. Board of Education
Little Rock’s Central High School, 1957

30. Orval Faubus, Gov. of Ark tried to prevent 9 black students from attending school in Little Rock
Called in National Guard (soldiers) to prevent them

31. Pres. Eisenhower sent federal troops to protect black students- proved US government would enforce the ruling
Met with mobs, angry protestors, threats of violence and lynching
Caused violence in Little Rock against black citizens

38. What did President Eisenhower’s response to the Little Rock Nine event prove about the federal government and civil rights?

39. STAAR PRACTICE
President Dwight Eisenhower’s response to the events at Little Rock High School in 1957 show that the —
Supreme Court has often declared presidential actions unconstitutional
federal supremacy clause of the Constitution is rarely enforced
states have been successful in defying federal law
president may use troops to enforce federal decisions

40. Big IDea
What was the importance of the Brown v. Board of Education ruling?