1. Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Movement
Section 1
The Movement Begins

2. The Origins of the Movement
1896 – Plessy v. Ferguson – established a separate-but-equal doctrine.
Became known as Jim Crow laws in the South.
North – de facto segregation – seg. By custom and tradition.

5. Origins ctd…
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) supported cases trying to overturn segregation.
A.A. gained political power in the North, where they could vote.
Resulted in a strong Democratic Party.
1942 – Chicago – Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) used sit-ins to protest.

6. Thurgood Marshall Chief counsel for the NAACP.
1954 – Brown v. Board of Ed of Topeka Kansas
Case ruled seg. was unconstitutional and violated the 14th amendment.

7. The Movement Begins
Rosa Parks agreed to challenge segregation in court.
Women’s Political Council led A.A. in a boycott of the Montgomery bus system.
Mont. Improvement Association led the boycott & was headed by MLK Jr.
Boycott ctd. for over a year, Dec 1956, law was ruled unconstitutional.

8. Rosa Parks

10. African American Churches
Churches played a key role in the boycott.
Place for forums, planning meetings, and organizing volunteers.
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), led by MLK, Jr. challenged seg. In public transportations, housing, voting, & public accommodations.

11. Eisenhower and Civil Rights
Became the 1st pres. Since Reconstruction to send troops to the South to protect A.A. constitutional rights.

12. Crisis in Little Rock
Gov. ordered the Ark. National Guard to prevent A.A. students from entering the Little Rock high school.
Eisenhower demanded the troops be removed.
Gov. removed the troops, but left the school to the angry mob.
2 A.A. reporters were beaten and many windows of the school were broken.

13. Crisis ctd…
Eisenhower ordered the Army to surround the school, and students escorted into the building.
Troops remained for the entire year.

17. New Civil Rights Legislation
Civil Rights Act of 1957 – created to protect the right of A.A. to vote.
It marked the first step in bringing the federal gov’t into the civil rights debate.