1. Civil Rights Movement: Eisenhower Years
How are Jim Crow laws being slowly dismantled during the Eisenhower Years?

2. Jim Crow South
Plessy v. Furguson was 1896 ruling by the Supreme Court that allowed for “separate but equal” facilities and accommodations
Till case showed how unequal the south truly was

3. Brown v. Board of Education
1951: Brown family wants to enroll their daughter in all-white school closer to their home, file a lawsuit against Topeka BOE
Others join suit arguing that separate schools violate the 14th Amendment, which guarantees equal protection under the law
A Federal court in Kansas rules against the Browns

4. Separate is not equal
1954: Supreme Court hears an appeal in the Brown case
Ruling: plaintiffs have been deprived of 14th Amendment rights stating “separate but equal” has no place in education
Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal and all schools must be desegregated
1955: Griffin v. School Board of Prince Edward County (Brown II) orders the desegregation of public schools w/ “deliberate speed”

5. Little Rock Crisis
1957: Black students enroll in Little Rock schools
Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus orders the Ntl Guard to prevent nine black students from entering Central HS

6. What was the attitude of segregationists in Little Rock?
Eisenhower steps up
Pres. Eisenhower sends in 101st Airborne to escort students into Central High
What was the attitude of segregationists in Little Rock?
What happened to Elizabeth Eckford?
What is significant about the Little Rock Nine?

7. Montgomery Bus Boycott
Rosa Parks refuses to give her seat to a white man, is arrested
Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. leads a boycott of Montgomery public buses
1956: Supreme Court outlaws bus segregation

8. Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
Founded by MLK, staged protests & demonstrations against inequality
Used black churches to spread the word and gain support – goal work with whites to end segregation
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
Began in 1960 at Shaw University (NC), more confrontational
Greensboro Four begin sit-in at Woolworth’s lunch counter, refused service return each day w/ more students
Sit-ins spread, some turn violent
Eisenhower publicly supports students
Whose methods are used at sit-ins?
What is reaction of employees and patrons?