Chapter 13 Original Source: Ms. Susan Pojer

WWI Map Label the following: –Norway –Sweden –Russia –Germany –Austria-Hungary – France –Spain –Italy –Serbia –Romania –Greece –Bulgaria –Africa –Arabia –Ottoman Empire –United Kingdom –Persia –Baltic Sea –Black sea –North Sea –Atlantic Ocean –Mediterranean Sea Create a number key for the Following : –Netherlands –Luxemburg –Belgium –Montenegro –Albania Create a symbol key: –Allied powers –Central powers Maps –Pg. 409 –Pg. 412 –Pg. 426

Causes of WWI M - Militarism A - secret Alliances I - Imperialism N - Nationalism

Militarism Militarism- the development of armed forces and their use as a tool of diplomacy Each nation wanted stronger armed forces than those of a potential enemy. By 1890 Germany had the strongest army. When Germany began to build up its navy that is when Britain and other European nations started to build up their navies.

Triple Entente: Triple Alliance: 2 major defense alliance systems in Europe Alliance System

Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers:

The Major Players: Nicholas II [Rus] George V [Br] Pres. Poincare [Fr] Allied Powers: Franz Josef [A-H] Wilhelm II [Ger] Victor Emmanuel II [It] Central Powers: Enver Pasha [Turkey]

Europe

Imperialism European nations had been building empires The colonies supplied their mother countries with raw materials and were markets for manufactured goods. Newly unified countries such as Germany and Italy wanted to get in the imperial race.

Economic & Imperial Rivalries

Nationalism Nation- refers to a group of people who share a common language, religion, history and tradition. Nationalism- devotion to the interests and culture of one’s nation Not all nations had states; many were included in empires (nations will want their own states) Nationalism spurred competitions amongst states= everybody (nation) wants to be 1!

Aggressive Nationalism

Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914 Look at the different ‘nations’ with the countries. Referred to as the “Powder Keg” of Europe. Look at the different ‘nations’ with the countries. Referred to as the “Powder Keg” of Europe.

The SPARK that set of World War I June 1914 Archduke Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian throne, visited Bosnian capital Sarajevo Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip assassinated Archduke Ferdinand and his wife Sophie. This set off a fire storm with in the alliance system!!!! One by one each nation was pulled into the conflict.

Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

The Assassination: Sarajevo

The Assassin: Gavrilo Princip Gavrilo Princip He was a member of the black Hand- an organization promoting Serbian nationalism.

How each country was brought into war through the alliance system: Austria-Hungary Declares war on Serbia– who is backed by Russia Germany (allied with A-H) Declares war on France (allied with Russia) Then, Germany invades Belgium leading to…. Great Britain declares war Germany and A-H

Fighting begins Schlieffen Plan –Germany invaded Belgium using this strategy –Plan called for the Germans to hold Russia, quickly march through Belgium to get to France and once France was defeated the 2 German armies would attack Russia

German Atrocities in Belgium

Trench Warfare Trench warfare –Military operations where opposing forces attack from fortified ditches –Battle for mere yards of ground –No Man’s land- barren expanse of mud filled with barbed wire and shell craters –2 parallel systems of deep, rat infested trenches

Trench Warfare

“No Man’s Land”

U-Boats ** unrestricted submarine warfare**

Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

The Sinking of the Lusitania

The Zimmerman Telegram

America Joins the Allies Because Germany resumed its use of unrestricted warfare and Wilson’s desire for a just peace, US declared war on Germany in April 1917.

The Yanks Are Coming! The Yanks Are Coming!

Raising an Army

Propaganda Propaganda- designed to influence people’s thoughts and actions Characterized the Germans as Huns and resulted in discrimination against Americans of German descent

Posters

Americans in the Trenches American expeditionary Forces affected the course of war by deflecting the last push of Germans on the western front in France!

War Is HELL !!

Sacrifices in War

New Weapons

11 a.m., November 11, 1918 The Armistice is Signed!

22,000,000 Dead 22,000,000 Dead

The Somme American Cemetary, France 116,516 Americans Died

Wilson’s Plan for Peace “make the world safe for democracy” Fourteen points –No Secret treaties –Freedom of the Seas –Free Trade –Arms (weapons) reduced –Colonial powers should represent colonies League of Nations –International organization to address diplomatic crises –Goal was to prevent war

Treaty of Versailles Problem: Allies were determined to protect their own national interest Treaty of Versailles: –Established new nations (did not accommodate all the ethnic diversity in Europe= people in countries will struggle for their own nation to be formed) –Imposed a war guilt clause- Germany had to accept full responsibility for starting WWI –War reparations (war damages) on Germany These actions laid the basis for the next war!!! US failed to ratify the treaty of Versailles and did not join the league of Nations (Remember- Congress must approve the ratification of treaties it is a part of the checks and balances)

Treaty of Versailles

War at Home

Mobilization on the Home front “Work or Fight” US economy booms in response to the war Wages on the rise meaning people are making more $$= spending more $$ US tried to help produce and conserve food—grew Victory gardens Paying for the War –Rise in taxes –Selling government bonds

WWI encourages Social Changes…continued Women –Women moved into jobs that had been exclusively held by men –Women gained the right to vote from the 19 th amendment—ratified in 1920 –Equal work did NOT mean equal pay

1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died

Legacy of WWI 1.Accelerated America’s emergence as the world’s greatest industrial power 2.Strengthened US military and power of government 3.Accelerated social change for African Americans and women in the US 4.Intensified anti-immigration and anti- radical sentiments amongst mainstream Americans 5.Unsettled disputes in Europe 6.Political instability and violence in Europe