Classification vocabulary

Aristotle Ancient Greek - classified organisms into two categories - Animal and Plant

Arthropoda Phylum Insects, spiders, millipedes. Name means "jointed limbs" Invertebrates with exoskeleton. Complex nervous system

Annelid Phylum Earthworms, bristle worms and leeches. Name means "segmented worms" with tiny hairs called bristles. Invertebrates and live in many different environments. Closed circulatory system.

Archaea Domain Unicellular prokaryotes but cell wall doesn't contain peptidoglycan. Considered most ancient of living things - Archae means "ancient ones"

Autotroph -: Organisms that can create their own food: either by using sunlight (photosynthesis) or other chemicals (chemosynthesis). Fancy name for "producer"

Bacteria Domain Prokaryotic - no nucleus Unicellular bacteria with thick cell walls that contain peptidoglycan.

Binomial Nomenclature Two word naming system (Latin) for organisms - which creates it's scientific name First word is the Genus (always capitalized) and second is the species (always lowecase). Example: Panthera leo - scientific name for a African lion

Carolus Linnaeus Carolus Linnaeus: ( ) developed a classification system consisting of levels. His levels were from Kingdom (biggest) to species (smallest) Known as the father of classification. Classified organisms according to similarities in form

Classification grouping of things based on common characteristics

Cnidarian phyla Cnidaria Jellyfish, sea anemones, coral. Simple animals whose body plan consists of cells and tissue. Name means "stinging cell" all animals in this phylum have stinging cells on tentacles which are used to paralyze or kill their prey.

Domain Domain -: Largest classification category according to modern classification

Echinodermata Phylum Echinodermata- Starfish,sea urchins, sea cucumbers and sea lilies. Complex animals with organ systems and a water vascular system. Name means "spiny skin" all have an endoskeleton with spines. Invertebrate. All live in marine environments.

Evolution Evolution - When organisms change over time. Supported by Darwin's theory of Natural Selection and other data accumulated by scientists since the late 1800's.

Eukaryotic Eukaryotic -: organisms with a nucleus in their cells. Examples are Kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plant and Animal.

Eukarya Domain Eukarya Domain -: All organisms in this domain are Eukaryotes - has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

Classes Classes - classification groups within phyla Members of each phylum are divided into classes

Chordata Chordata phylum -: The vertebrates! Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals are the five classes in this phylum. Complex animals with organ systems and a backbone. Complex nervous system.

Animal Kingdom Eukarya domain - Eukaryote - has nucleus in cells All multicellular, all are consumers No cell wall Examples: insects, mammals, birds, fish

Families Families - Classification group within orders or An order is made up of similar families

Fungi Kingdom Eukarya domain - Eukaryote - has nucleus All have a cell wall All are decomposers - break down dead or decaying organic matterial Some are unicellular, others are multicelluar Examples: yeasts, molds, mushrooms, mildew

Genus Classification group within families or Each family is made up of groups of genera 2nd smallest group (makes up part of scientific name)

Heterotroph Heterotroph - An organism that has to eat others for food. Can be an herbivore (eats only plants), carnivore (eats only other animals) or scavenger. Fancy name for "consumer"

Organism Organism - Any living thing

Orders Orders - Classification group within classes or Members of each class is made up of different orders

Molluska Phyla Snails/slugs, clams/oysters/mussels, octopus/squid. More complex animals with body systems. Name Molluska means "soft bodied" Invertebrates with open circulatory system. Three classes: bivalves : "2 shelled" clams/oysters gastropods: snails and slugs cephalopods: "head foot" octopus and squid

Kingdom Kingdom - According to Linnaeus's classification system it was the largest and most general classification category 2nd largest in modern classification system

Porifera phylum Sponges. Simple animals whose body is made up of only two layers of cells. Filter feeders and live in marine environments.

Plant Kingdom Eukarya domain - Eukaryote - has nucleus All multicellular and all have a cell wall All are producers Examples: ferns, mosses, conifers, flowering plants

Phylum Phylum - classification groups within a kingdom 3rd largest classification group

Prokaryotic No nucleus in cells or membrane bound organelles. Examples: Domain Archae and Bacteria. All bacteria.

Protista Kingdom In Eukarya domain - Eukaryote (having a nucleus) Some have a cell wall, others don't Some are consumers, others producers, other decomposers (animal like protists, plant like protists, fungi like protists) Mostly unicellular, but some multicellular Name means "odds and ends" in Latin Examples: protozoans, algae, slime molds, amoeba

Scientific name Scientific name - Name given to organism using it's genus and species name. (Binomial nomenclature)

Species Smallest classification category Each genus is divided into species. Species also describes a group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.

Taxonomy Taxonomy - The science of identifying, classifying and naming living things.