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Classification.

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Presentation on theme: "Classification."— Presentation transcript:

1 Classification

2 What is Classification?
Classification/taxonomy is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on their similarities Taxonomists are scientists that identify & name organisms

3 Benefits of Classifying
Accurately & uniformly names organisms Prevents misnomers such as starfish & jellyfish that aren't really fish Uses same language (Latin or some Greek) for all names Sea”horse”??

4 Confusion in Using Different Languages for Names

5 Latin Names are Understood by all Taxonomists

6 Called the “Father of Taxonomy”
Carolus Linnaeus – 1778 Called the “Father of Taxonomy” Developed the modern system of naming known as binomial nomenclature Two-word name (Genus & species)

7 Standardized Naming Binomial nomenclature Genus species Latin or Greek
Turdus migratorius Binomial nomenclature Genus species Latin or Greek American Robin

8 Binomial Nomenclature

9 Classification Groups
Taxon ( taxa-plural) is a category into which related organisms are placed There is a hierarchy of groups (taxa) from broadest to most specific

10 Hierarchy-Taxonomic Groups
Domain Kingdom Phylum (Division – used for plants) Class Order Family Genus Species BROADEST TAXON Genus and species are the two names used to identify specific organisms in the binomial system of classification. Division is used for plants.

11 King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup!

12 Domains Broadest, most inclusive taxon Three domains
Archaea and Eubacteria are unicellular prokaryotes (no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles) Eukarya are more complex and have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

13 Sewage treatment plants, thermal vents, etc.
Domain Archaea Archaea live in harsh environments and may represent the first cells to have evolved. Sewage treatment plants, thermal vents, etc.

14 Domain Eubacteria Eubacteria, some of which cause human diseases, are present in almost all habitats on earth. Live in the intestines of animals Many bacteria are important environmentally and commercially.

15 Domain Eukarya is Divided into Kingdoms
Protista (protozoans, algae…) Fungi (mushrooms, yeasts …) Plantae (multicellular plants) Animalia (multicellular animals)

16 Protista Most are unicellular Some are multicellular
Some are autotrophic, while others are heterotrophic

17 Fungi Multicellular, except yeast
Absorptive heterotrophs (digest food outside their body & then absorb it) Cell walls made of chitin

18 Plantae Multicellular Autotrophic
Absorb sunlight to make glucose – Photosynthesis Cell walls made of cellulose Growth, with increases in size and number of cells, is part of development. Development involves many stages from conception until death.

19 Animalia Multicellular
Ingestive heterotrophs (consume food & digest it inside their bodies) Feed on plants or animals

20

21 Dichotomous Keying Used to identify organisms
Characteristics given in pairs Read both characteristics and either go to another set of characteristics OR identify the organism

22 Example of Dichotomous Key
1a Tentacles present – Go to 2 1b Tentacles absent – Go to 3 2a Eight Tentacles – Octopus 2b More than 8 tentacles – 3 3a Tentacles hang down – go to 4 3b Tentacles upright–Sea Anemone 4a Balloon-shaped body–Jellyfish 4b Body NOT balloon-shaped - 5

23 Classification of Living Things

24 Classification of Living Things
Kingdom Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Cell Type Cell Structures Number of Cells Mode Nutrition Examples

25 Classification of Living Things
Kingdom Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Cell Type Prokaryotic Cell Structures Flagella Number of Cells Unicellular Mode Nutrition Autotrophic OR Heterotrophic Examples Salmonella E. Coli Anthrax

26 Classification of Living Things
Kingdom Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Cell Type Prokaryotic Cell Structures Flagella Capsule Cell Wall Capsid Nucleic Acid Envelope Number of Cells Unicellular Mode Nutrition Autotrophic OR Heterotrophic Examples Salmonella E. Coli Anthrax HIV Hepatitis Tobacco Mosaic Virus

27 Classification of Living Things
Kingdom Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Cell Type Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Cell Structures Flagella Capsule Cell Wall Capsid Nucleic Acid Envelope Cilia Spores Pseudopods Number of Cells Unicellular Unicellular OR Multi-cellular Mode Nutrition Autotrophic OR Heterotrophic Autotrophic OR Heterotrophic Examples Salmonella E. Coli Anthrax HIV Hepatitis Tobacco Mosaic Virus Protozoans Algae Water Mold Slime Mold

28 Classification of Living Things
Kingdom Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Cell Type Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Eukkaryotic Cell Structures Flagella Capsule Cell Wall Capsid Nucleic Acid Envelope Cilia Spores Pseudopods -Cell walls made of chitin -Filamentous forms with specialized, complex cells Number of Cells Unicellular Unicellular OR Multi-cellular All Multi-cellular except for yeast (unicellular) Mode Nutrition Autotrophic OR Heterotrophic Autotrophic OR Heterotrophic Absorpotive heterotrophs Examples Salmonella E. Coli Anthrax HIV Hepatitis Tobacco Mosaic Virus Protozoans Algae Water Mold Slime Mold Molds Yeasts Mushrooms

29 Classification of Living Things
Kingdom Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Cell Type Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Eukkaryotic Cell Structures Flagella Capsule Cell Wall Capsid Nucleic Acid Envelope Cilia Spores Pseudopods -Cell walls made of chitin -Filamentous forms with specialized, complex cells Chloroplasts Central vacuole Cell wall Number of Cells Unicellular Unicellular OR Multi-cellular All Multi-cellular except for yeast (unicellular) Multi-cellular Mode Nutrition Autotrophic OR Heterotrophic Autotrophic OR Heterotrophic Absorpotive heterotrophs Examples Salmonella E. Coli Anthrax HIV Hepatitis Tobacco Mosaic Virus Protozoans Algae Water Mold Slime Mold Molds Yeasts Mushrooms Mosses Ferns Non-woody & woody flowering plants

30 Classification of Living Things
Kingdom Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Cell Type Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Eukkaryotic Cell Structures Flagella Capsule Cell Wall Capsid Nucleic Acid Envelope Cilia Spores Pseudopods -Cell walls made of chitin -Filamentous forms with specialized, complex cells Chloroplasts Central vacuole Cell wall Specialized, complex cells Number of Cells Unicellular Unicellular OR Multi-cellular All Multi-cellular except for yeast (unicellular) Multi-cellular Mode Nutrition Autotrophic OR Heterotrophic Autotrophic OR Heterotrophic Absorpotive heterotrophs Examples Salmonella E. Coli Anthrax HIV Hepatitis Tobacco Mosaic Virus Protozoans Algae Water Mold Slime Mold Molds Yeasts Mushrooms Mosses Ferns Non-woody & woody flowering plants Invertebrates Fishes Reptiles Amphibians Birds Mammals

31 Your assignment Write a letter explaining the classification of living things. You must describe each kingdom from the Eukarya domain in detail. Include cell type, cell structures, number of cells, mode of nutrition and some examples this person may have heard of. REMEMBER, this person most likely does not understand what the terms eukaryotic, prokaryotic, unicellular, multi-cellular, autotrophs, heterotrophs or various cell structures mean. Be sure to include an explanation of the terms or lose 50 valuable points!

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