Background to the Reformation During a time of widespread poverty and violence, popes were living lavishly. One of the schemes used to support the activities of the church was the sale of indulgences for sins. Christian humanists in northern Europe protested such practices. 1 of 5 The Renaissance and Reformation Section 3: Then Protestant Reformation Witness History Audio: A Monk Rebels Note Taking Transparency 103

Martin Luther: Catalyst of Change Martin Luther, a German monk, led a revolt against the Catholic Church. He drew up 95 theses against indulgences. Copies began appearing throughout Europe. Luther also translated the bible into German so ordinary people could study it. 2 of 5 The Renaissance and Reformation Section 3: Then Protestant Reformation

The Reformation in Switzerland Two reformers also were active in Switzerland—Ulrich Zwingli and John Calvin. Calvin wrote a book that described his religious beliefs and that advised people how to start a Protestant church. Calvin divided the world into saints and sinners and believed that God had already determined who would gain salvation. 3 of 5 The Renaissance and Reformation Section 3: Then Protestant Reformation QuickTake Section Quiz Progress Monitoring Transparency

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