The Restoration & the Glorious Revolution

The Stuarts &Revolutions After the English Civil War & Cromwell’s 10 year rule, the Rump Parliament met to reestablish the English MonarchyAfter the English Civil War & Cromwell’s 10 year rule, the Rump Parliament met to reestablish the English Monarchy

Restoration of the Stuarts They decide to bring back Charles II – son of Charles I: (The Restoration: )They decide to bring back Charles II – son of Charles I: (The Restoration: ) Nicknamed the “Merry Monarch”: loved parties, games & supported the arts & sciencesNicknamed the “Merry Monarch”: loved parties, games & supported the arts & sciences

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Parliament passed an important guarantee of freedomParliament passed an important guarantee of freedom Habeas Corpus Act:Habeas Corpus Act: A person cannot be held in prison without just cause or without a trialA person cannot be held in prison without just cause or without a trial Parliament Under Charles II

Parliament is divided on who should be king after Charles IIParliament is divided on who should be king after Charles II Political Parties develop in Parliament:Political Parties develop in Parliament: TORIES:TORIES: Supported the “King, church & land”Supported the “King, church & land” Defended hereditary monarchyDefended hereditary monarchy

WHIGS:WHIGS: Supported “life, liberty & property”Supported “life, liberty & property” Wanted to exclude Charles’ brother James from the throneWanted to exclude Charles’ brother James from the throne Parliament Under Charles II

Catholic Brother of Charles II James II (1685 – 1688)

James II...A Catholic King? Charles II dies in 1685: his brother James II becomes kingCharles II dies in 1685: his brother James II becomes king James II (& his 2nd wife) are CatholicJames II (& his 2nd wife) are Catholic He raises a Catholic armyHe raises a Catholic army Appoints Catholics to government positionsAppoints Catholics to government positions

The Glorious Revolution MPs (members of Parliament) want James II to die so the throne passes to his Protestant daughter Mary, married to William of OrangeMPs (members of Parliament) want James II to die so the throne passes to his Protestant daughter Mary, married to William of Orange

The Glorious Revolution However, a son is bornHowever, a son is born It would be raised as a CatholicIt would be raised as a Catholic (The son would be in line for the throne before James’ Protestant daughters!)(The son would be in line for the throne before James’ Protestant daughters!) Parliament decides to take action…Parliament decides to take action…

In 1688 Parliament asked Mary & her husband William to come take the throne of EnglandIn 1688 Parliament asked Mary & her husband William to come take the throne of England James II flees, and a ‘bloodless’ revolution takes placeJames II flees, and a ‘bloodless’ revolution takes place The Glorious Revolution

A Constitutional Monarchy At their coronation, William & Mary vowed to recognize Parliament as their partner in governingAt their coronation, William & Mary vowed to recognize Parliament as their partner in governing (Were referred to as “officers of parliament” in the English Bill of Rights of 1689)(Were referred to as “officers of parliament” in the English Bill of Rights of 1689)

A Constitutional Monarchy England becomes a Constitutional Monarchy:England becomes a Constitutional Monarchy: Power of the monarch is limited by a constitution/lawsPower of the monarch is limited by a constitution/laws The constitution defines governmental powers, as well as the rights of the peopleThe constitution defines governmental powers, as well as the rights of the people

Wait…Does England have a Constitution? Not one single documentNot one single document A collection of documents like the Magna Carta, Petition of Right, & the English Bill of RightsA collection of documents like the Magna Carta, Petition of Right, & the English Bill of Rights

English Bill of Rights: Monarch could not:Monarch could not: Suspend parliamentary lawsSuspend parliamentary laws Levy taxes without Parliament’s approvalLevy taxes without Parliament’s approval Interfere with freedom of speech in ParliamentInterfere with freedom of speech in Parliament Penalize a citizen who petitions the king about grievancesPenalize a citizen who petitions the king about grievances

So Why Should We Care? This period of English history is HUGELY influential to the formation of the U.S.This period of English history is HUGELY influential to the formation of the U.S. Ideas like a Parliament, Bill of Rights, Habeas Corpus, religious freedom, etc… are all an important part of how WE live!Ideas like a Parliament, Bill of Rights, Habeas Corpus, religious freedom, etc… are all an important part of how WE live!

The Hanovers The English throne passes to the German Hanover familyThe English throne passes to the German Hanover family Parliament’s powers increaseParliament’s powers increase They create a cabinet & a prime ministerThey create a cabinet & a prime minister

The Hanovers George III becomes king in 1760George III becomes king in 1760 He fights many costly wars to expand British territory in North AmericaHe fights many costly wars to expand British territory in North America How will George pay for these wars?? Perhaps he’ll tax the American colonists…How will George pay for these wars?? Perhaps he’ll tax the American colonists…