1. Restoration to Glorious Revolution The Stuart Dynasty

2. The Stuart Monarchy

3. James I [r. 1603-1625]  Son of Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, who had been beheaded by Elizabeth 1 st  His reign united England and Scotland = Great Britain

4. Charles I [r. 1625-1649]

5. The Petition of Rights, 1628 “The Stuart Magna Carta”

6. The Beheading of Charles I, 1649

7. Oliver Cromwell [ 1654-1658 ] †Lord Protector

8. King Charles II [ r. 1660-1685 ]  Had charm, poise, & political skills.  Restored theaters and reopened pubs and brothels closed by Cromwell  Favored religious toleration.  Realized he could not repeat mistakes of his father.

9. The Restoration  1673  Test Act  excluded all but Anglicans from gov’t positions.  1679  Habeas Corpus Act  P arliamentary Politics  Tories: supporters of Charles II  Whigs: His Critics

10. James, Duke of York  Catholic  Married Anne Hyde  Haunted by his father’s death  Repeated mistakes of his father

11. King James II [ r. 1685-1688 ]  Zealous Catholic Convert  Remarried to Marie Beatrice of Modena, Catholic

12. Stuart Princesses: Heirs to the Throne  Mary  Raised as Good Protestants  Anne

13. King James II [ r. 1685-1688 ]  Suspended Test Act  Appointed Catholics  Arrested Anglican Bishops Who Refused to read Toleration Proclamation  1688 – Marie Beatrice gave birth to a son  “Warming Pan Baby”

14. William of Orange  Mary Stuart married William of Orange  Anne wrote to Mary telling her to claim the throne

15. “Glorious” Revolution: 1688  Whig & Tory leaders offered throne jointly to Mary & William of Orange.  He was enemy of Louis XIV.  He was champion of Protestant cause.

16. English Bill of Rights [ 1689 ]  Settled power struggle between King & Parliament.  Expanded civil liberties in England.

17. English Bill of Rights [ 1689 ] 1. The King could not suspend the operation of laws. 2. The King could not interfere with the ordinary course of justice. 3. No taxes levied or standard army maintained in peacetime without Parliament’s consent. 4. Freedom of speech in Parliament. 5. Sessions of Parliament would be held frequently. 6. Subjects had the right of bail, petition, and freedom from excessive fines and cruel and unusual punishment. 7. The monarch must be a Protestant. 8. Freedom from arbitrary arrest, habeas corpus. 9. Censorship of press was dropped. 10. Religious toleration.

18. The Rest of the Story Anne became Queen when William died in 1702 Although she was pregnant 17 times, none of her children will survive her. Died in 1714, bitter but determined to keep her brother from the throne.

19. George I [1714-1727] Great Grandson to James I House of Hanover “German George”

20. The Stuart Monarchy

21. The Pretenders Bonnie Prince Charlie James Francis Edward Their Efforts End at Battle of Culloden, 1745

22. How did the English Bill of Rights influence the growth of Democracy in England and the United States?

23. English Bill of Rights [ 1689 ] 1. The King could not suspend the operation of laws. 2. The King could not interfere with the ordinary course of justice. 3. No taxes levied or standard army maintained in peacetime without Parliament’s consent. 4. Freedom of speech in Parliament. 5. Sessions of Parliament would be held frequently. 6. Subjects had the right of bail, petition, and freedom from excessive fines and cruel and unusual punishment. 7. The monarch must be a Protestant. 8. Freedom from arbitrary arrest, habeas corpus. 9. Censorship of press was dropped. 10. Religious toleration.