I. Hinduism A.Aryans invaded Indus and Ganges River valleys 1. Tribes 2. Rajah - leader of tribe 3. Herds - became sacred - ban on meat 4. Women - had rights - had say in marriage 5. No written language 6. Sanskrit - spoken lang. A.Aryans invaded Indus and Ganges River valleys 1. Tribes 2. Rajah - leader of tribe 3. Herds - became sacred - ban on meat 4. Women - had rights - had say in marriage 5. No written language 6. Sanskrit - spoken lang.

B. Vedas 1. book of collected hymns a. “Book of Knowledge” b. Became basis of Aryan religion & Hindu religion 1. book of collected hymns a. “Book of Knowledge” b. Became basis of Aryan religion & Hindu religion

C. The Caste System 1. Strict and rigid ranking of people 2. Born into a group 3. No intermarriage 1. Strict and rigid ranking of people 2. Born into a group 3. No intermarriage

4. Varna (Castes) a.Brahmins – priests; study and teach Vedas, religious ceremonies b.Kshatriyas - rulers and warriors; study Veda, lead government, head army c. Vaishyas – commoners, peasants, merchants, artisans, farmers, and traders d. Shudras – unskilled laborers c. Vaishyas – commoners, peasants, merchants, artisans, farmers, and traders d. Shudras – unskilled laborers e. Untouchables=Pariahs f. Today - very complex - 100s of subdivisions e. Untouchables=Pariahs f. Today - very complex - 100s of subdivisions

Darma - duties to perform in each varna Each jati has different darma If do your darma have good karma

D. Polytheistic = worship of many gods 1. Gods: a. Brahma - creator b. Vishnu - preserver c. Siva - destroyer 2. Priests performed rituals and sacrifices 3. Veda roots

Brahma = Creator

Vishnu = Preserver

Shiva = Destroyer

E. Upanishads 1.Religious writings 2.All creatures have souls 3.Everything part of one eternal spirit 4.Fasting and yoga 5.Reincarnation - rebirth of the soul 6.Karma - determines what cycle of rebirth – live a good life 7. Ahimsa - non-violence 8. Moksha - release from the suffering and pain of rebirth

II. Changes in Hinduism (Ch. 7.2) A.By the Mauryan Empire people had developed little contact with religion B.Religion became dominated by priests C. Move toward monotheism to attract people A.By the Mauryan Empire people had developed little contact with religion B.Religion became dominated by priests C. Move toward monotheism to attract people

D. Polytheistic, but three most important gods developed 1. Brahma, creator 2. Vishnu, preserver 3. Shiva, destroyer Hindu Caste System

I.The rise of Buddhism A.Founder - Siddhartha Gautama 1. Born a prince 2. Left wealthy life to find reason for suffering to end 3. Searched for truth 4. Fasting and self denial 5. Gained enlightenment while meditating B. Began preaching to others 1. called Buddha = enlightened one C. Sacred literature - Jatakas -1 BCE

"May all that have life be delivered from suffering” Gautama Buddha "May all that have life be delivered from suffering” Gautama Buddha

D. 4 Noble Truths 1.All people suffer and know sorrow 2.People suffer because desire binds them to the cycle of rebirth 3.End suffering by eliminating desires 4.Eliminate desires by following eightfold path

E. The Eightfold Path

II. Buddhism A. Difficult b/c of self denial B. Bodhisattvas – becoming a Buddha C. Changed to mass religion - offered salvation D. Buddhism Split 1. Mahayana – new teachings 2. Theravada – old teachings

III. Buddhism split A.Theravada = old teachings 1. Believe Buddha a teacher– 2. Simple – 3. South East Asia A.Theravada = old teachings 1. Believe Buddha a teacher– 2. Simple – 3. South East Asia B. Mahayana = new teachings 1. Buddha worshipped as a divine being and savior – 2. East Asia B. Mahayana = new teachings 1. Buddha worshipped as a divine being and savior – 2. East Asia

IV. Buddhism A. Spread throughout Southeast Asia B. Buddhists built Stupas to hold relics

The End!