World History/Cultures Chapter 21- The Cold War Section 2- Communist Bloc
Krushev Era 1956 –64 De-Stalinization Program 1956 –64 De-Stalinization Program Improved standard of living.Improved standard of living. Eased government controls.Eased government controls. Freed political prisoners.Freed political prisoners. Policy of “peaceful co-existence” Policy of “peaceful co-existence” Compete with West economically but avoid war. Compete with West economically but avoid war. Conflicts Conflicts U-2 Incident U-2 Incident U.S. spy plane shot down over Soviet territory.U.S. spy plane shot down over Soviet territory. Led to Cuban Missile Crisis.Led to Cuban Missile Crisis.
Cuban Missile Crisis Soviets secretly began installing missiles in Cuba.Soviets secretly began installing missiles in Cuba. Soviets wanted promise from USA that USA would not overthrow Castro.Soviets wanted promise from USA that USA would not overthrow Castro. President Kennedy blockaded Cuba & Soviets removed missiles.President Kennedy blockaded Cuba & Soviets removed missiles. U.S. & Soviet Union came close to war & recognized need for better relations.U.S. & Soviet Union came close to war & recognized need for better relations.
Space Race Competition between U.S. & Soviets over space exploration.Competition between U.S. & Soviets over space exploration. Soviets first to put up a spacecraft in 1957.Soviets first to put up a spacecraft in U.S. first to land on the moon.U.S. first to land on the moon. Now we work on joint projects with Russians.Now we work on joint projects with Russians.
Brezhnev Era Reversed de-Stalinization policy. Reversed de-Stalinization policy. Increased military power. Increased military power. Economy worsened. Economy worsened. Outdated industrial equipment.Outdated industrial equipment. Low farm production.Low farm production. Détente 1972 Détente 1972 Improved relations with USAImproved relations with USA SALT Treaty- limited nuclear weapon stockpiling. SALT Treaty- limited nuclear weapon stockpiling. Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 ended détente.Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 ended détente.
The End of the Cold War Mikhail Gorbachev, reform leader, came to power in Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev, reform leader, came to power in Soviet Union. Glasnost – means “openness” Glasnost – means “openness” Allowed freedom of expression.Allowed freedom of expression. Eased harsh measures against critics.Eased harsh measures against critics. Perestroika – rebuild economy by allowing free enterprise.Perestroika – rebuild economy by allowing free enterprise. Encouraged leaders of Soviet satellite nations to carry out reforms.Encouraged leaders of Soviet satellite nations to carry out reforms Boris Yeltsin becomes leader Boris Yeltsin becomes leader.
The End of the Cold War con’t Coup occurred to restore hard- line Communist leaders. Coup occurred to restore hard- line Communist leaders. Failed. Failed. Communist Party began to dissolve. Communist Party began to dissolve.
The End of the Cold War con’t The End of the Cold War con’t Sept Soviet satellites announce independence from Soviet Union. Sept Soviet satellites announce independence from Soviet Union. Soviet Union became CIS- Commonwealth of Independent States. Soviet Union became CIS- Commonwealth of Independent States Yeltsin defeated Communist rival in Presidential election Yeltsin defeated Communist rival in Presidential election.
The End of the Cold War con’t The End of the Cold War con’t Supported free enterprise and other non-communist reforms. Supported free enterprise and other non-communist reforms. East Germany East Germany Moved toward democratic reform Moved toward democratic reform Nov 9, Gate at Berlin Wall was opened. Nov 9, Gate at Berlin Wall was opened. Berlin Wall torn down. Berlin Wall torn down.