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End of the Cold War.

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Presentation on theme: "End of the Cold War."— Presentation transcript:

1 End of the Cold War

2 Period of Détente ( ) Period of lessening tension between the US and USSR After Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) Ends with Soviet invasion of Afghanistan (1979) Characteristics: Hotline between White House/Kremlin Recognized borders of Europe Limiting Arms Race Trade between superpowers

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5 End of Détente Two main reasons: SALT and Afghanistan
Soviets did not reduce nuclear arms after 1st meeting Invade Afghanistan during peace talks U.S. doesn’t sign SALT II in protest President Reagan ushers era of neo-conservatism

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7 Gorbachev’s Changes Soviet Union = declining economy and widespread social issues Election of Mikhail Gorbachev changed Soviet policy Perestroika (restructuring)- limited free market for consumers Glasnost (openness)- encouraged citizens to openly discuss problems with the gov’t

8 Gorbachev’s Changes Reduced arms with U.S.; relations improving
Stopped providing military support to satellite states States begin revolting with Gorbachev’s new foreign policy Most significant event: Fall of the Berlin Wall Early appeals to remove wall ignored Growing resentment of division in E. Germany; widespread protest expand after fall of communism in Poland Nov travel restrictions lifted and demolition begins

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15 Revolutions in E. Europe
Poland Trade union called Solidarity fought for workers rights Support from Catholic Church (1st Polish Pope) st democratic elections in 40 years

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18 Revolutions in E. Europe
Czechoslovakia Violent suppression of reform in 1968 Mass demonstrations in 1988/89 Communist gov’t falls in Dec Slovakians and Czechs agree to peacefully split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia

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23 Revolutions in E. Europe
Romania Leader Ceausescu abusive Communist leader Secret police kill thousands in a peaceful protest in Dec. 1989 Army captured and executed Ceausescu Continued to be led by communist sympathizers until 1996

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25 Fall of the Soviet Union
Revolutions also break out within the Soviet Union Countries of Georgia, Moldova, Uzbekistan, and the Baltic states receive independence in 1989 and 90

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27 Fall of the Soviet Union
Gorbachev changes gov’t structure to add more democratic elements Communist leaders arrest Gorbachev in 1991 and attempt a coup (failure) President Boris Yeltsin and other Russians resist and stop the coup Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus (Soviet republics) speak of independence Dec Soviet Union announced to be dissolved

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30 Why Did We Win? Soviet oppression Unstable foreign policy
Glasnost/Perestroika Lack of consumer goods Too much military spending Effective reform in the U.S. Other factors?

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