The Civil War In correlation with Virginia’s 6th Grade Social Studies Standards of Learning By: Katie Tardiff, Speech-Language Clinician Crestwood Elementary School

TIMELINE The Civil War lasted from 1861 until 1865. The southern states wanted to have their own nation and to be free to decide what laws to have. The north did not want the country to be broken apart. 1865 1861 1863 * President Lincoln writes the Emancipation Proclamation, stating that all slaves should be freed * Battle of Vicksburg * Battle of Gettysburg * General Lee surrenders to General Grant at Appomattox Court House * South secedes from the Union * Confederate troops attack Ft. Sumter, SC * First Battle of Manassas (Bull Run)

A Nation Divided Life in the Northern and Southern states was different in many ways. These differences often caused conflicts and divided the nation. The Northern States were called Union States, while the Southern States were called Confederate States

What Were the Differences? 1. CULTURAL DIFFERENCES: The people of the North and South did not agree on social and political issues The South-- an agricultural society in which people lived in small villages and on farms or plantations The North-- an urban society in which people held jobs

2. ECONOMIC DIFFERENCES The North and South did not agree on the use of tariffs. A tariff is an added price or fee that you must pay. The North– liked tariffs because they protected factory owners and workers from competition in other countries The South– against tariffs * Planters were afraid that England might stop buying cotton from the South if tariffs were added.

3. ROLE OF GOVERNMENT The North believed in a strong central government that would govern all of its states The South wanted each state to have the right to make its own laws

4. SLAVERY The North believed that slavery was morally wrong and should be abolished (stopped forever) The South believed that the abolition of slavery would destroy the nation’s economy

Compromises Compromises had to be made There were three compromises Missouri Compromise – 1820 Compromise of 1850 Kansas-Nebraska Act – 1854 While we go through these compromises make a foldable to help you study!

Missouri Compromise Any new territory added north of an imaginary line would be free. Everyone to the south of that line would be in slave states

Compromise of 1850 California would be a free state in exchange for the Southwest Territories being allowed to decided for themselves whether or not to allow slavery

Kansas-Nebraska Act-1854 Decided whether or not states would be slave states by popular sovereignty Allowed people in each state to vote to decide whether to allow slavery or forbid it

Your task Add color and picture to your foldables Then work on the Missouri Compromise map sheet in groups What you do not finish is your homework

SECEDING FROM THE UNION Abraham Lincoln was elected the 16th President of the United States in 1860. Lincoln and many Northerners believed that the United States was one nation that should not be separated or divided. Most Southerners believed that states had freely created and joined the union and could freely leave it. In 1861, the Southern states began to secede (leave) the union. They formed their own nation and called themselves The Confederate States of America. Abraham Lincoln The 16th President of the U.S.

States remaining in the Union: Border states (slave states): Delaware Kentucky Maryland Missouri Free States: California Connecticut Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Maine Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota New Hampshire States that seceded from the Union: Alabama Arkansas Florida Georgia Louisiana Mississippi North Carolina South Carolina Tennessee Texas Virginia New Jersey New York Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island Vermont West Virginia (Western counties of Virginia that refused to secede from the Union) Wisconsin

MAP OF THE STATES LEGEND: States that seceded from the Union Slave States that remained in the Union Free States that remained in the Union

CIVIL WAR LEADERS ABRAHAM LINCOLN JEFFERSON DAVIS * President during the Civil War * Opposed to slavery * Wrote the Emancipation Proclamation * Determined to keep the United States as one country * Delivered the Gettysburg Address JEFFERSON DAVIS * President of the Confederate States of America during the Civil War

CIVIL WAR LEADERS ROBERT E. LEE ULYSSES S. GRANT * Leader of the Confederacy (Army of Northern Virginia) * Had been offered command of the Union forces at the beginning of the Civil War, but chose not to fight against Virginia * Told Southerners to admit that they lost the war and to come together as Americans after the war ended ULYSSES S. GRANT * Leader of the Union Army * Won the War against the Confederacy

THOMAS “STONEWALL” JACKSON CIVIL WAR LEADERS FREDERICK DOUGLAS * A former slave who escaped to the North and became an abolitionist (someone who believes slavery is wrong and should be illegal) THOMAS “STONEWALL” JACKSON Was a skilled Confederate general from Virginia Gained nickname from Battle of Bull Run

THE CIVIL WAR BEGINS In April of 1861, the disagreements between the Northern and Southern states were at an all-time high. The Confederate Army of the Southern States attacked Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina.   President Lincoln was forced to declare WAR! click on the image to see a movie

MAJOR BATTLES AND EVENTS OF THE WAR The attack on Ft. Sumter began the war The First Battle of Manassas (Bull Run) was the 1st Major Battle click on the image to see a movie

MAJOR BATTLES AND EVENTS OF THE WAR The signing of the Emancipation Proclamation made “freeing the slaves” the new focus of the war. Many freed slaves joined the Union Army. The Battle of Vicksburg divided the South. The North got control of the Mississippi River. The Battle of Gettysburg was the turning point of the war because the Union Army stopped the Confederates from invading the North. click on the image to see a movie

Battle of Gettysburg One of the bloodiest Battles!!!!

THE ROLE OF WOMEN Women were forced to stay home and run businesses in the North and farms or plantations in the South. Clara Barton was a nurse during the Civil War. She created the American Red Cross. Clara Barton

AFRICAN AMERICANS AND THE WAR African Americans fought in both the Confederate and Union Armies, but they were paid less than white soldiers. African American soldiers were discriminated against and served in separated units led by white officers. Robert Smalls was an African American sailor and Union Naval Captain. He was honored for being very brave and a hero. He became a Congressman after the Civil War. click on the image to see a movie

Lee surrenders to Grant THE END OF THE WAR The war was long and painful. Over 600,000 men died and over 1,100,000 were injured. General Lee surrendered to General Grant on April 9, 1865 at Appomattox Court House in Virginia. The war was OVER! Lee surrenders to Grant

EFFECTS OF THE WAR Many southern cities were devastated and Atlanta and Richmond were even burned to the ground Families and friends were often forced to fight against each other Southern soldiers were young and did not have many uniforms or supplies Many men died from battle or disease The fighting was very dangerous Since the Confederacy lost, their money was worthless Atlanta Burning