1. The Civil War
By Mr. Eichmann

2. 1. Was Slavery the Most Important Cause of the War?
A. It presented a dramatic moral issue involving freedom and democratic ideals
B. It was the biggest difference between the North and the South
C. It was at the heart of most major issues dividing the nation

3. Nevertheless, we must remember that…
A majority of southerners did not own slaves
Most northerners were not abolitionists
Four slave states remained loyal to the Union and did not join the Confederacy

4. 2. Economic Differences North – becoming more industrial
South – remaining agricultural

5. 3. Nature of the Federal Union
North – Union created by the Republic and indivisible ; secession was illegal
South – Union created by the states and any state had a right to secede

6. 4. Control of Central Government
Both North and South wanted control of all 3 branches of government to protect their interests

7. 5. Differences in Civilization
North –
More democratic and diverse
South –
An aristocracy and static society (little change)

8. 6. Fanaticism
Extremists on both sides projected unfair stereotypes on the other side. There was also a lack of moderate leaders who could find middle ground and find peaceful solutions

9. CONCLUSION
There was no single cause of the Civil War. Rather, it resulted from a number of factors that were related to each other. The causes of the war are still hotly debated today.

10. Comparing the Union and the Confederacy
By Mr. Eichmann

11. States Union Maine, Vermont,
Connecticut, New York, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Michigan, Wisconsin, Kansas, California, Oregon, West Virginia, Rhode Island
South
Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida Tennessee, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, Texas
Neutral States – Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware

12. Map of States Before the Civil War

13. Goals North “Preserve the Union”
Punish Confederate leaders for supporting secession
End slavery in the south
South
Protect states’ rights and way of life
Fight a defensive war and turn northerners against the campaign
Get help from Great Britain and France to help win the war

14. Political Leaders Abraham Lincoln Jefferson Davis
Limited free speech for Southern sympathizers
Criticized greatly during the war
Called for reconciliation after the war
Jefferson Davis
Inflexible and intolerant to criticism
Unable to rally states to support cause of federal government
Blamed for failures of the Confederacy

15. Military Leaders of the North
George McClelland and various commanders unsuccessful leading “The Army of the Potomac”
Ulysses S. Grant and William “Tecumseh” Sherman became important later in the war

16. Military Leaders of the South
Robert E. Lee – leader of the “Army of Northern Virginia”
Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson

17. Recruitment North Citizen soldiers- drafted by the army
City workers and immigrants
Less military experience
South
Citizen soldiers – most volunteers
Frontiersmen and hunters
Better prepared for military experience
No draft until the end of the war

18. Size of Army South – white population of 5 million
1,300,000 soldiers at its height
4 million slaves not allowed to fight
Uniform - grey
North – white population- 22 million
2,000,000 soldiers at its height
Uniform color -blue

19. Supplies
North
90% of factories in the north, capable of producing weapons and supplies
Railroads available for support
Plenty of banks to offer cash and loans
Rifles – more accurate than muskets
South
Less factories available to produce weapons and supplies
Cotton diplomacy – sell cotton to buy weapons and supplies from Great Britain or France
Needed to create government institutions and banking system “from scratch”

20. Intangibles North South Larger and well-established army and navy
More access to recruits to continue the fight
Strong financial and government resources
Less understanding of what they were fighting for
South
Home field advantage
Desire to defend their homeland
Better generals
Confederation where states distrusted the federal government