Unit 1: Introduction to Anatomy Test Review

Which term refers to the study of how an organ functions? Physiology

A group of similar cells performing a specialized function is referred to as a(n) Tissue

Cells are to tissues as tissues are to Organs

Be able to describe anatomical position Standing up Feet facing forward Arms at sides Palms forward

Know your directional terms & which are alike & opposite Anterior/Ventral vs Posterior/Dorsal Superior vs Inferior Medial vs Lateral

Which directional term refers to the back? Posterior/Dorsal

The heart is ________ to the lungs? Medial

In atatomical position, the wrist is ____________ to the elbow. Distal

Which type of section divides the body into anterior & posterior portions? Frontal/coronal

Visceral refers to Internal organs

Which two cavities does the diaphragm separate? Thoracic & abdominal

The liver would be found in which cavity? Abdominal

The urinary bladder is found in which abdominopelvic region? hypogastric

Stable internal conditions Homeostasis refers to Stable internal conditions

In which quadrant would the pain of acute appendicitis be felt? Lower right quadrant

The study of the body's organization that considers the heart, blood and all of the associated blood vessels as a unit is called? Systemic anatomy

The study of the body's organization by areas (the approach used in most medical schools) is called Regional anatomy

X-rays, ultrasound, MRI, and other technologies used to create pictures of internal structures are examples of Anatomical imaging

Cardiovascular/circulatory Which organ systems is/are involved in transporting or exchanging gases in the body? Respiratory Cardiovascular/circulatory

The organ system that consists of the skin, hair, and nails, and protects the body and prevents water loss is the Integumentary

The organ system that maintains tissue fluid balance, filters foreign material from blood and lymph, absorbs fats from the digestive tract, and combats disease is the Lymphatic system

Chemical Organelle Cell Tissue Organ Organ system Organism Given these structures: Organ, organelle, chemical, cell, organism, organ system, tissue Arrange the structures in the correct order from smallest to largest: Chemical Organelle Cell Tissue Organ Organ system Organism

The organ system that consists of glands such as the pituitary and thyroid glands and is a major regulatory system is the Endocrine system

The basic living unit of all plants and animals is the Cell

What is a function of negative feedback mechanisms? Maintain homeostasis

Chronic hypertension Childbirth What are the two examples of a positive-feedback mechanisms given in class? Chronic hypertension Childbirth

Dorsal Posterior Superficial From the anatomical position, the scapula (shoulder blade) is always _____ to the ribs Dorsal Posterior Superficial

A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left halves is also correctly called the Midsaggital plane

The term that would best describe an injury (lesion) of the upper arm is a(n) Brachial lesion

A cut across the long axis of an organ at an angle other than a right angle is described as a(n) Oblique section

The trunk of the body consists of the thorax, the abdomen, and the Pelvis

The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominal cavity by the Diaphragm

The mediastinum divides what? The thoracic cavity into two parts

The heart is found in what cavities/structures? Mediastinum Thoracic cavity

The fluid found between serous membrane layers does what? Reduces friction

Which of these statements about serous membranes is true. A Which of these statements about serous membranes is true? A. Serous membranes line cavities that open to the outside of the body. B. Visceral serous membranes are in contact with internal organs. C. Retroperitoneal organs are surrounded by both parietal and visceral serous membranes. D. Serous membranes surround the pleural and peritoneal cavities, but not the pericardial cavity. E. All of these are true. B

The pericardial cavity contains ___. Pericardial fluid

The kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, and urinary bladder are what type of organs? Retroperitoneal

Abdominal Pelvic Pericardial Given the cavities: 1. Abdominal cavity, 2. Pelvic cavity, 3. Oral cavity, 4. Pericardial cavity Which of these cavities are lined with serous membranes? Abdominal Pelvic Pericardial

A girl is lying on her left side. Her right ear is _____ to her nose. Posterior Lateral

Differentiation occurs when Some portions of DNA become (or remain active) while other portions become (or remain) inactive.

A negative feedback mechanism contains what three components? Sensor Control center Effector

A feedback mechanism that takes the body away from homeostasis is Positive feedback mechanism

A feedback mechanism that returns the body to homeostasis is Negative feedback mechanism

In anatomic terms, the forearm is the _____ region and the fingers are the _____ region. Antebrachial, digital

In anatomic terms, the posterior portion of the elbow is the ____ region. olecranal

The dorsal body cavity contains what two cavities? Cranial Vertebral

The mediastinum, pleural, and pericardial cavities are contained within which trunk cavity? thoracic

The coxal region refers to the hip

The lowest level of organization in the body is the _______ level. chemical

The upper and lower extremities compose the ________ portion of the body. appendicular

Human somatic (body) cells contain the diploid number of chromosomes which is 46

Mitosis results in what type of cells? Two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.

Divides the body into anterior & posterior parts (front & back) Frontal Section Divides the body into anterior & posterior parts (front & back)

Divides the body into right & left halves Sagittal section Divides the body into right & left halves

A cut across the long axis of an organ Longitudinal section A cut across the long axis of an organ

Divides the body into superior & inferior parts. Transverse section Divides the body into superior & inferior parts. Divides an organ at right angles to the long axis

Oblique section A cut across the axis of an organ at any angle other than a right angle

Surrounded by rib cage, bounded inferiorly by diaphragm Thoracic cavity Surrounded by rib cage, bounded inferiorly by diaphragm

Contains the bladder, enclosed by pelvic bones Pelvic cavity Contains the bladder, enclosed by pelvic bones

Contains liver, stomach, kidneys & spleen Abdominal cavity Contains liver, stomach, kidneys & spleen

Contains the heart, but not lungs Pericardial cavity Contains the heart, but not lungs

contains lungs, but not heart. Pleural cavity contains lungs, but not heart.