Bell Ringer Each of the pictures represents a person of the Scientific Revolution. On the back of you paper, write the name of the person each image represents and tell why.

NEXT TIME/SOON: Unit 4.5 Test 12/6 and 12/8 We will… You will be able to… Explain how the Enlightenment completely changed how people saw their role in government in the 17 th and 18 th centuries. Today in class… Language Social Studies Define: Bill of Rights, Constitution, Declaration of Independence, Separation of Powers. Create a “bumper sticker” that represents an Enlightenment idea. Describe the roots of the Enlightenment. Explain the concept of Natural Law. Identify the ideas of the philosophes of the Enlightenment.

The Enlightenment

Bill of Rights – first 10 amendments to the US constitution that define basic freedoms for all citizens Constitution – written document that describes how a government should work and the rights of the people Declaration of Independence – written statement from the American colonies to the King of England, that explained why we should be an independent nation Separation of Powers – idea that the powers of government should be split to prevent any one from becoming too powerful

The Reformation leads to… Better education, which leads to… The Scientific Revolution, which leads to… The use of logic and reason to think about politics and government (not just science), which is called… The Enlightenment

The word enlightenment refers to a change in outlook among many educated Europeans that began during the 1600s. Applied reason to the human world to solve real life problems. Sound familiar?

Salons In France, thinkers gathered in informal meetings called “Salons”. Salons were a place to exchange and debate ideas. Women participated too!

No, not this kind of SALON!

philosopher (philosophe) A person who thinks about truth, life, and what is right. Enlightenment philosophes (thinkers) had many questions about Natural Law. Montesquieu Locke Rousseau Hobbes Voltaire

Natural Law The idea that there is a natural order in nature that should help us decide between right and wrong MontesquieuLocke Rousseau Paine Hobbes Voltaire

Natural Law or Scientific Law? People are happiest when they are free. The best governments are ones that listen to the people. The earth revolves around the sun. People are by nature greedy and selfish and need to be controlled. What goes up, must come down.

Impacts of the Enlightenment Stimulated religious tolerance Encouraged democratic revolutions around the world

Thomas Hobbes People are bad by nature & cannot be trusted to make decisions for themselves. The state must have central authority to manage behavior. Leviathan What kind of government do you think Hobbes have supported?

John Locke “What is the purpose of government?” To protect people’s natural rights – life, liberty and property. Government only exists with the consent of the governed If government is not doing its job, it should be overthrown Two Treatises on Government

Baron de Montesquieu Believed in the separation of powers idea Checks and Balances between the branches of government The Spirit of Laws Whose government was he speaking against? Whose government did he inspire?

Voltaire Believed in the freedom of speech Religious toleration –Separation of church and state What part of our Constitution did he inspire? “Candide”

Rousseau The Social Contract Government is NOT there for the glory of God, but because there are obligations between the government and its people. Government is a contract between rulers and the people.

Who Said It? (or would have said it) With a partner, your job is to match each quote with who would have said it. Some of the quotes are real, others are things that could have been said. You will use some of the names more than once.

Enlightenment Worksheet 1. Match thinker, ideas and book. 2. Identify their influences 3. Complete the Bumper Sticker. Turn in your completed worksheet for a grade! This is HW if you do not finish.

Movie Clip The History of the U.S. Government Chapter 3: Influences on American Government