Chapter 2; Section 1 Southern Colonies-Sec1 New England Colonies-Sec2 Middle Colonies-Sec 3 The beginning The struggles The victory

VOCABULARY ACOSTIC POEMS An easy way to remember the definition of any word

Jamestown J…James River runs through it. A...arrived by British M…men arrived E…even women S...settlement in North America T…town in Virginia O…original colony W…winters were difficult N…no food in the beginning

Southern Colonies Jamestown -1st settlement Joint Stock company 40 miles up the James River Lack of preparation -farming or carpentry

Temporary Improvement John Smith workers Powhatan corn Tobacco introduced 1609 – 400 settlers 1610 – 60 settlers Rolf introduces tobacco, sell well in England

War in Virginia Rolf marries Pocahontas Enters peaceful relations 1622 Powhatan leader killed 20 year battle London Company couldn’t protect King becomes Authority

Daily life in Virginia Tobacco Plantations Head Right System – 50 acres/person Indentured servants Demand greater than supply 1619 Dutch bring slaves

Bacon’s Rebellion Officials ask for more taxes Indentured servants attack Indians Trade polices Wanted Indian land Burns down Jamestown

Other Southern Colonies Catholics in Maryland Raised corn, hogs Tobacco for profit Protestants arrive Toleration Act of 1649 Religious freedom and freedom to minority

Carolinas and Georgia 1663 Carolina formed By 1712; 20,000 Enslaved-10,000 Whites Savannah, Georgia – a place for debtors, founded by Oglethorpe

Economies of the South Dependant of Agriculture Export of tar and wood Tobacco, rice, indigo Long growing season Enslaved Africans Slave codes Olaudah Equiano

Section 2 The New England Colonies Pilgrims Immigrants Mayflower Compact Pg 43 Puritans Protestants

Mayflower Compact Why: Practice their Christian faith, and still honor the King of England Rules to follow and protect themselves SELF GOVERNING

Samoset and Squanto Fish remains for soil Relationships with locals Trading furs

New England Communities Different than the South Taught Servants and children Poorer, but worked together Women’s rights

The Great Migration In 1630, John Winthrop leads over 20,000 Christian community – Puritans Massachusetts Bay Colony Boston named Capital Come prepared New Immigrants

Religion and Gov’t in New England Church members – strong role Pass test of faith Connecticut Fundamental Orders Providence, Rhode Island formed

New England’s Economy Harsh climate, rocky soil Grew crops, raised animals Slavery not an issue

Economy Merchants – traded goods; furs, beef Fishing – cod, halibut, dried, whale oil Shipbuilding – materials, vessels Craftspeople – blacksmith, weaving, printing

Education in New England Read the Bible Public Education – 1647 Higher Education 1636 - Harvard 1693 - William and Mary 1700 – 70% men 45% women – read and write in New England

Section 3 The Middle Colonies New York Pennsylvania New Jersey Delaware Pg 53; map questions Stuyvesant – NY NJ Director

Gov’t Life in the English Colonies

Colonial Governments Some colonies were elected representation Others were elected by the Governors Each passed laws after approval

Penn’s Colony Quakers in New Jersey Elected assembly – self governing Penn – proprietor Philadelphia – brotherly love Duke York – Delaware – to Penn

Indentured Servants – settled in Penn Trade important Markets in West Indies and England Women ran clothing stores, bakeries etc.

Economy of Middle Colonies Combined North and South characteristics Staple crops – crops that are always needed. Wheat, barley, oats and livestock Slaves- Blacksmiths and carpenters

Triangular Trade ..pg 56 A system in which goods and slaves were traded among, Britain, Americans, and Africans. Pg 56 Pg 62

Middle Passage The slave trade brought millions of Africans across the Atlantic Ocean in a voyage called Middle Passage

Brother James II becomes King of England Wants more control; England and Colonies Parliament replaces him with daughter Mary

England Adopts: English Bill of Rights Main Goal: To reduce the powers of the English Monarch.

English Trade Laws Main Idea: Discover American Colonies- Earn $$ from trade Mercantilism; creating and controlling wealth through carefully controlled trade

Navigation Act (1650-1696) (to support mercantilism) Forbade colonial trade items like; sugar or cotton with any other country than England.

Trade only with England ? Is this freedom? Smuggling; sugar, molasses And rum * 1700’s found rich merchants Trading around the world.

1700’s Revolutions Occur Religion, political and social reform. Europe and Colonies affected “ Great Awakening” & “Enlightenment”

A period where reason and logic could improve society. Europeans examined their worlds Scientist began to understand the basic laws that govern nature.

The French and American Colonies 1675 “King Phillip Wars” - Wampanoag upset because NE colonists “taking their land” Many Indians developed trade relations with French colonists. Furs, tools, weapons, goods.

French and British struggle .. Who was to settle Ohio River Valley? 6 different American tribes unite Indians trusted French more that English

War between France and England Struggled for control over North American colonies Ohio Valley – 3 forts /French Washington / English fort His defeat starts the war Europe – 7 year war Taxes increases

Treaty of Paris (pg 60) 1763 Britain and France sign treaty Canada to Britain Britain has east of the Mississippi (except New Orleans) Britain gets Florida through Spain

Why taxes? Had to pay for the war Sugar Act Taxation without Representation What? Colonist had no say?

More Problems… Boston Massacre: Boston Tea Party: Snowball fight – British soldiers And Colonists Boston Tea Party: Sank Tea in the harbor

What were the problems after the French and Indian War? Sugar Act Taxation without Representation Stamp Act Townshend Act Boston Massacre The Boston Tea Party The Intolerable Act

Affects of English Bill of Rights Colonists valued their rights to elect representation Decide local issues Used courts to control local affairs

Bill of Rights establishes control over the monarchy. The right to petition the king Freedom of Speech to the Parliament Right to keep arms for defense Right of a trial by jury No excessive bail, fines, and cruel punishment.

11 Causes of the American Revolution What brought on the war between Great Britain and their American Colonies?

Fear brought; Proclamation of 1763 This law banned British settlements west of the Appalachian Mountains, and settlers had to leave the upper Ohio Valley.

Sugar Act Raise to pay for war (French / British) import tax Smugglers

Taxation without Representation Taxing Colonist without approval No direct representation in Parliament Boycott-refused to buy British goods Samuel Adams and Otis spearheads

Stamp Act A stamp or seal when buying paper items Newspapers, licenses, playing cards etc. First direct tax; not like an import Patrick Henry – Sons of Liberty Repealed – or, go away……..

Townshend Act Duty, or tax on glass, lead, paints, paper, and tea. Boycotting by colonist Liberty Ship seized

Quartering Act British troops brought in for… Check for smuggling Protection Enforce laws

Boston Massacre Troops brought threat to Massachusetts Resentment and tension developed 3/5/1770 Snowball fight Firing began – 3 dead Propaganda written (one sided)

Boston Tea Party Repealed Townshend; except for tea Tea Act 1773 – East India Company 3 ships show up at Boston Harbor 340 tea chest dumped into harbor

Intolerable Act (Coercive Act) British upset of tea dumping; put these laws into affect. Harbor closed until ruined tea paid for Massachusetts charter cancelled

First Continental Congress 12 representatives arrived in Philadelphia to discuss a plan Presented king with Declaration of Rights Exports and imports ceased.

Lexington and Concord King reject petition British plan to seize (take) gunpowder and arms Met by minutemen

Second Continental Congress Met and drafted a new appeal to king George Washington selected to head army of minutemen in Boston