Organisé par:CITET/METAP/Banque Mondiale Rabat, Maroc Octobre 28-31, 2002 Atelier de formation sur l’élaboration et la mise en œuvre du plan d’atténuation et de gestion environnementale (PGE) relatif au processus d’Etude d’Impact sur l’Environnement au Maroc IRRIGATION BASED COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM Environmental Impact Assessment

Potential impacts MitigationMonitoring Institutional strengthening Project description IRRIGATION BASED COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM Environmental Impact Assessment Sector overview Derdara water pond Ammiq road Case Examples

IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE Total land area Morocco 71 M ha – 9 M ha for agriculture – 1.66 M ha total irrigable land  1.36 M ha perennial  0.3 M ha seasonal T wo types of irrigation schemes – Large-scale: ”Grande hydraulique” 880,000 ha – Medium-scale: “Petite et moyenne hydraulique” 780,000 ha Fertilizer use in Morocco  23,540 tons (1956)  720, 000 tons (1996)   by 31 times  Lack of knowledge on application and handling +

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE Soil Salinization Soil consolidation Surface water / Groundwater quality Groundwater overexploitation (  Water table  Subsidence) Water borne diseases Uncontrolled drainage discharges into ecologically sensitive areas (Phosphates, Nitrates, pesticides)

WATER RESOURCES Use of 13.2 billion m 3 of water per annum – 83% irrigation – 17% drinking water and industrial production – Hydropower = 15% of Morocco’s total energy production In 2000: 90% of urban population connected to treated water supplies

PROBLEMS FACING WATER RESOURCES ProblemDescription Water scarcityAvailable water resources per capita: 837 m 3 (1990)  514 m 3 (2020) Morocco: “Periodically water stressed”  “Chronically water stressed” Deterioration in water quality Polluted water: major contributor to disease in rural areas Limited rural potable water 30% of rural areas have access to safe and reliable potable water sources Low efficiency irrigation Efficiency estimated at only 40% Ineffective use of infrastructure Inadequate maintenance  storage capacity up to 25% (Dams & Canals) Weak institutional capacity Centralized management Fragmentation of planning and management

MAJOR EFFORTS Creation of river basin agencies  decentralization and  stakeholder participation Establishment of long-term national and river-basin water master plans Water charges and pollution taxes Monitoring and control of water quality Integrated management of water resources Centralized coordination & decentralized management Public participation Water Law (1995)  Sustainable water management Water Resources Management Project (1998)

PROJECT DESCRIPTION IBCD first phase of 2020 Rural Development Strategy – Extends 2001  2005 – Rehabilitation and modernization 9,450 ha – Provinces of Azilal, Khenifra, and Al Haouz Screened as Category B under WB OP Rural Development Strategy – 13-year program: improving livelihood of small and medium irrigation-based communities – Rehabilitate 46,000 ha in 15 provinces

PROJECT COMPONENTS ComponentDescription Rehabilitation of small and medium irrigation infrastructure  3,450 ha in Azilal  6,000 ha in Khenifra and Al Haouz Community infrastructure  Rural roads: 116 Km in Azilal; 70 Km in Khenifra; 70 Km in Al Haouz  Water point establishments in areas not covered by Rural Water Supply Project (PAGER)  Electricity, health and education Institutional strengthening  Participatory approach at: National, provincial and local levels  Sustainable agricultural intensification (technical guidelines Preparation of phase II  Financing identification studies for six provinces to be covered by phase II

POTENTIAL IMPACTS ImpactMagnitude Reduction of water losses+ Efficient water use+ Health and Safety+ Conversion of marginal lands+ Erosion+ Awareness creation+ Provision of information on environment+ Agrochemical pollution- Wetlands (from increased water diversion)- Health and safety- Erosion (bldg of new roads)- Construction wastes- Soil salinization- Overexploitation of groundwater-

MITIGATION (1) ImpactMitigationResponsibility Agrochemical pollution Extension and training on sound fertilizer application National: DAHA/CGP Provincial: EPP,UGP Local: CT Use of irrigation canals for non- agricultural purposes Construction of water points, water discharge measurement points Maintenance and cleaning of irrigation infrastructure National: DAHA/CGP Provincial: DPA, UGP, EPP Local: CT Soil salinizationWater quality controls (conductivity) Simple drainage measures Soil and water conservation practices National: DAHA/CGP Provincial: UGP, EPP Local: CT Wetlands (from increased water diversion) Monitoring of simple indicator vegetation Provincial: UGP Local: CT, communes rurales AUEA = Association des Usagers des Eaux AgricolesCGP = Cellule de Gestion de Projet DAHA = Direction des Amenagements Hydro-AgricolesDPA = Direction Provinciale de l’Agriculture CNC = Comite National de CoordinationEPP = Equipe de Programmation Participative CT = Centre de TravauxUGP = Unite de Gestion Provinciale

MITIGATION (2) ImpactMitigationResponsibility Hygiene problems at water points Proper fittings Strict separation from animals Collection of surplus water Awareness for hygiene considerations National: DAHA/CGP/CNC Provincial: UGP, EPP Local: CT, communes rurales Construction wastes Minimal disturbance of landscape/ vegetation National: DAHA/CGP Provincial: DPA, UGP, EPP Local: CT, communes rurales Overexploitation of groundwater Aquifer capacity accessed ex-ante and implementation of effective control of water quantities pumped Provincial: DPA, UGP Local: communes rurales, AUEA AUEA = Association des Usagers des Eaux AgricolesCGP = Cellule de Gestion de Projet DAHA = Direction des Amenagements Hydro-AgricolesDPA = Direction Provinciale de l’Agriculture CNC = Comite National de CoordinationEPP = Equipe de Programmation Participative CT = Centre de TravauxUGP = Unite de Gestion Provinciale

MONITORING PLAN Realistic monitoring program to be developed under the capacity building exercise – Simple but meaningful monitoring measures and parameters, sampling locations, frequency of measurements, definition of thresholds Monitoring and Reporting: Responsibility of the Unite de Gestion de Projet under the Direction Provinciale de l’Agriculture with the assistance of the Centre de Travaux, Water Users Associations and beneficiairies in the communities Reports made available to the Cellule de Gestion de Projet and the World Bank, for evaluation

INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING MinistryResponsibility Ministry of Regional Planning, Environment, Urban Development and Housing Crosscutting environmental issues and decision-making in interministerial bodies Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development, Water and Forests Forestry, protected areas, hunting and fishing, soil conservation and combating desertification, plant protection and animal health Ministry of Public WorksWater regulations, large-scale water infrastructure, quantity and quality issues, coastal zones Ministry of HealthWater-borne diseases, sanitation, hygiene GO TO Capacity building

CAPACITY BUILDING Local technical assistance – One-week workshop – Guided execution of a subproject EA with the help of a national EIA specialist

Costs per course WORKSHOP ParticipantsInstructors 2 nominees from Unite de Gestion Provinciale Experienced National consultant 1 or 2 representatives from the relevant Centre de Travaux Resource person from the Direction du Development et de la Gestion de l’Irrigation (Cellule de l’Environnement) 1 person from the Equipe de Programmation Participative Representatives from rural communities, local NGO’s, and the Water Users Association Duration: 5 days in each province

COSTS PER COURSE Cost (USD) Transport of participants (assume 15 per course with rented vehicle) 500 Lodging and subsidence for participants (USD 30 per day) 2,250 Material/room for presentation500 Susidence for instructors (2*5*USD100/day) 1,000 Transport of experts (2*one car from/to Rabat) 350 Honorarium expert (5 days preparation+5 days 2,000 TOTAL per province6,600

MODEL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Cost (USD) Subsidence500 Transport of expert (from/to Rabat)350 Honorarium expert (2 days preparation+5 200/day) 1,400 TOTAL per province2,250 Model EIA for a real project