1. Republic of Kazakhstan Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins
Summary of
Identified Priority Problems
in the River Basins of Kazakhstan
5-Dec-18
Fritz Schwaiger

2. Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins Problems Grouped by Water Uses (Sectors)
136 Priority Problems
5-Dec-18
Fritz Schwaiger

3. Republic of Kazakhstan Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins
The Priority Problems of
Water Management
36 Priority Problems (26%)
5-Dec-18
Fritz Schwaiger

4. UN Water Stress Indicator
Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins Resource or Management Problem?
UN Water Stress Indicator
Fresh water withdrawal versus available resources
5-Dec-18
Fritz Schwaiger

5. Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins Water Resources DistributionUC
33 mm/a
5,723 m³/c BA
37 mm/a
5,042 m³/c Ir
68 mm/a
7,229 m³/c Is
5 mm/a
643 m³/c NS
4 mm/a
1,054 m³/c ST
24 mm/a
5,165 m³/c SD TT
1,081 m³/c
5-Dec-18
Fritz Schwaiger

6. Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins Fresh Water Withdrawals (m³/capita,a)
Kazakhstan
In 1999: 1275 m³/c,a
In 1993: 2000 m³/c,a
Source:
OECD
5-Dec-18
Fritz Schwaiger

7. Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins Water Management Strategy
Policy paper (EU Framework Directive)
Protection of all waters (surface and groundwater)
Achieve good status for all waters (coordinate objectives)
Water management based on river basins (plan)
Combined approach: emission limits and quality standards (immission)
Get prices right (true costs, but with derogations)
Public participation
5-Dec-18
Fritz Schwaiger

8. Republic of Kazakhstan Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins
The Priority Problems of
Legislation and Institutions
12 Priority Problems (9%)
5-Dec-18
Fritz Schwaiger

9. Modern water code (on its way)
Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins Legislation/Institutional Strategy
Modern water code (on its way)
Strengthen institutions (capacity & power)
Committee for Water Resources
River Basin Authorities
Nura Ishim River Basin Management (pilot) Project
5-Dec-18
Fritz Schwaiger

10. Republic of Kazakhstan Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins
The Priority Problems of
Urban Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal
22 Priority Problems (16%)
5-Dec-18
Fritz Schwaiger

11. Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins Magnitude of the Problem
8.38 million = urban population 56% (1999)
Municipal Water Supply
70-75% water supply connection rate
75-80% comply with quality norms  (52-60%)
Wastewater Disposal
60-70% Sewage collection thereof 65-70% biol. treated  (40-50%)
5-Dec-18
Fritz Schwaiger

12. Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins Causes of the Problems
Deterioration of infrastructure
Estimated required investments for urban water supply: $ 1.1 bln.
Assets / service level
service level
book value 25 50
years
today
5-Dec-18
Fritz Schwaiger

13. Republic of Kazakhstan Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins
The Priority Problems of
Rural Water Supply
and Sanitation
12 Priority Problems (9%)
5-Dec-18
Fritz Schwaiger

14. Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins Magnitude of the Problem
6.58 million rural population = 44% (1999)
7845 settlements
Supply coverage reduced ( ): by settlements: % by population: from 45%  ~25%
Non-compliance with quality standards: 30% in Almaty, 90% in Zhambyl Oblast
infection diseases increase
5-Dec-18
Fritz Schwaiger

15. Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins Proposed Strategy
Individual solutions required:
Actual water demand?
Affordability and willingness?
Define service level
Study alternative sources available
Define least cost solution covering demand
Define owner and operator
Define tariff and subsidy regime (sustainable)
Urgent investments: $ million
5-Dec-18
Fritz Schwaiger

16. Republic of Kazakhstan Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins
The Priority Problems of
Ecology
19 Priority Problems (14%)
5-Dec-18
Fritz Schwaiger

17. Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins Ecological Problems
Protection of environment = protection of water resources
This is a strong contribution to provision of drinking water & water for other uses (sectors)
Balance of: economical – social – ecological aspects
5-Dec-18
Fritz Schwaiger

18. Republic of Kazakhstan Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins
The Priority Problems of
Data Base
and Monitoring
13 Priority Problems (10%)
5-Dec-18
Fritz Schwaiger

19. Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins Data Base and Monitoring
A deficit for all kind of information exists
Define carefully information needs!
Define monitoring strategy and network
Data collection and analysis
Reports: information, not only data
River Basin Authorities to be in charge plus a central data base
5-Dec-18
Fritz Schwaiger

20. Republic of Kazakhstan Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins
The Priority Problems of
Industrial Water Supply and Pollution Reduction
8 Priority Problems (6%)
5-Dec-18
Fritz Schwaiger

21. Clean-up of hot spots Regulatory approach
Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins Proposed Strategy for Industries
Clean-up of hot spots
E.g. Nura river, UK groundwater pollution
Regulatory approach
Operational issues (water code & decrees)
Develop branch specific effluent standards
Develop realistic strategic action plan with transition periods (to achieve good status  not to kill viable industry)
Access to financing (e.g. eco fund)
5-Dec-18
Fritz Schwaiger

22. Republic of Kazakhstan Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins
The Priority Problems of
Agricultural Water Supply
6 Priority Problems (4%)
5-Dec-18
Fritz Schwaiger

23. Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins Agricultural Water Supply
Irrigated land reduced to 1/3 since 1993
Rehabilitate schemes which have:
Identified owner/ operator
Amelioration associations (1000 – 5000ha)
Low pumping heads
Marketable irrigated products
Rehabilitation cost approx. < 1000 $/ha
Estimated investments required in sector: $ 600 mln.
5-Dec-18
Fritz Schwaiger

24. Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins Other Priority Problems
(3) Education and training of water professionals
(3) Hydropower, Dam Safety and Flood Protection
(1) Professional Fisheries
(1) Inland Navigation; Shulba
5-Dec-18
Fritz Schwaiger

25. Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins The main challenges
Water management problem
legislation, institutional reforms
Urban water supply infrastructure – in critical condition $ 1,100 Mln.
Rural water supply – only ¼ coverage left $ Mln.
Industry: main polluter
Clean-up actions and regulatory actions
Agricultural water supply $ 600 Mln.
5-Dec-18
Fritz Schwaiger